父母视力健康知识对子女寻求视力健康服务的影响

doi:10.3760/cma.j.cn115909-20190917-00250

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摘要目的：通过研究父母视力知识的认知水平对其为子女寻求视力健康服务的影响，为有效防控学生视力不良提供科学依据。方法：横断面调查研究。基于陕西省、甘肃省共252所农村小学5 236名学生的调研数据，采用多元Logistic回归模型分析父母认知水平对子女寻求视力健康服务的影响，并采用倾向匹配对结果进行稳健性检验。结果：从5 236个全样本学生看来，样本地区学生近视率高达 46.31%，其中74.54%的学生没有进行视力检查。在2 425个近视样本中，只有15.09%的学生配戴眼镜。父母对视力问题的认知存在较大的误区，全样本和近视样本中父母对视力健康知识的正确回答率都较低。多元Logistic分析结果显示父母视力健康知识的掌握情况对是否带子女进行视力检查和是否给视力不良孩子配戴眼镜均存在显著影响：近视及其成因（OR=1.15，95%CI：1.00～1.33，P=0.043； OR=1.20，95%CI：1.03～1.41，P=0.023）、戴眼镜会使得视力越来越差（OR=1.23，95%CI：1.06～1.46， P=0.007）、学生应该经常检查视力（OR=1.40，95%CI：1.15～1.69，P=0.001）以及小学生不应该戴眼镜（OR=1.05，95%CI：0.91～1.22，P<0.001）均对父母是否带孩子去检查眼睛具有显著的影响；父母知道近视是看不清远处东西（OR=1.35，95%CI：1.04～1.76，P=0.024）、近视不戴眼镜会影响学习（OR=1.54，95%CI：1.16～2.05，P=0.003）以及小学生不应该戴眼镜（OR=1.61，95%CI：1.23～2.10， P=0.001）均对孩子戴镜行为有显著的影响。结论：在我国农村地区，学生的视力不良已成为一个严重的问题，且父母对视力问题的认识存在较大的误区。作为孩子行为的决策者，父母对视力健康知识的认知会影响他们对孩子的视力检查及配镜等视力健康寻求行为的决策。

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关键词 ：父母视力知识, 视力不良, 视力检查, 配戴眼镜

Abstract： Objective: To study the impact that the cognitive level and knowledge of vision has on parents seeking vision health services for their children. This can provide a scientific basis for effectively preventing and controlling poor vision in students. Methods: This was a cross-sectional investigation. The study was based on the survey data of 5 236 students from 252 rural primary schools in Shaanxi and Gansu provinces. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the impact that varying knowledge and cognitive levels have on parents seeking vision health services for their children. Propensity matching was used to test the results for robustness. Results: Based on the overall sample of 5 236 students, the myopia rate among students in the sample area was as high as 46.31%, of which 74.54% of students had not undergone a vision exam. Of the 2 425 myopic students, only 15.09% wore eyeglasses. Parents had a big misunderstanding of vision problems. The correct answer rates for parents on visual health knowledge in the full sample and myopic samples were low, respectively. Logistic regression analysis indicated that parental knowledge of vision health has a significant impact on seeking vision health services for their children. Some misunderstandings included the following: Myopia and its causes (OR=1.15, 95%CI: 1.00-1.33, P=0.043; OR=1.20, 95%CI: 1.03-1.41, P=0.023), wearing glasses will make vision worse (OR=1.23, 95%CI: 1.06-1.46, P=0.007), students should check their eyesight (OR=1.40, 95%CI: 1.15-1.69, P=0.001) and students should not wear glasses (OR=1.05, 95%CI: 0.91-1.22, P<0.001). These misunderstandings have a significant effect on whether parents take their children for vision checkups. Parents know that myopia cannot see far away (OR=1.35, 95%CI: 1.04-1.76, P=0.024) and that learning is affected if myopes do not wear glasses (OR=1.54, 95%CI: 1.16-2.05, P=0.003) but feel that primary school students should not wear glasses (OR=1.61, 95%CI: 1.23-2.10, P=0.001). All of these factors have a significant effect on whether or not children wear glasses. Conclusions: Poor eyesight among students in rural areas of China has become a serious problem because parents have big misunderstandings about vision problems. Since parents make decisions for their children, their perceptions and knowledge of vision health can influence their behavior in seeking vision services for their children.

Key words： parental vision knowledge poor vision vision examination wearing

收稿日期: 2019-09-17

PACS:

基金资助: 高等学校学科创新引智计划（B16031）；国家自然科学基金青年项目（71803107）

通讯作者: 关宏宇（ORCID：0000-0002-0659-3527），Email：hongyuguan0621@gmail.com

引用本文:

朱嘉琦杨田丽杜康关宏宇李莉莉. 父母视力健康知识对子女寻求视力健康服务的影响[J]. 中华眼视光学与视觉科学杂志, 2020, 22(10): 721-727. Jiaqi Zhu, Tianli Yang, Kang Du, Hongyu Guan, Lili Li. The Correlation between Caregiver's Knowledge of Vision and Its Impact on Seeking Vision Health Care for Their Children. Chinese Journal of Optometry Ophthalmology and Visual science, 2020, 22(10): 721-727. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115909-20190917-00250

链接本文:

https://www.cjoovs.com/CN/10.3760/cma.j.cn115909-20190917-00250 或 https://www.cjoovs.com/CN/Y2020/V22/I10/721

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