Objective To study the feasibility of implanting different degrees of monofocal intraocular lenses after bilateral cataract phacoemulsification. Methods A prospective nonrandomized controlled study was carried out. Forty patients were chosen after cataract phacoemulsification combined with monofocal intraocular lens implantation. Astigmatism was corrected in both eyes with RGPCLs. Far and near visual acuity, stereoacuity, and contrast sensitivity were measured. Then one eye of the same 40 patients wore a lens for correcting astigmatism and the other eye wore a -2.0 D lens to simulate myopia. The same tests were then repeated. A paired t test was used to compare the measurement data, which conformed to a normal distribution． A chi-square test or rank sum test was used to compare the variables in the test categories. Results The patients in the astigmatism group had better far stereoacuity (χ2=9.03, 16.88, P<0.01) and better far contrast sensitivity at night and at high frequencies (t=0.37, 0.51, 0.35, 0.46, 0.44, 0.46, 0.51, 0.40, P<0.01) than those with induced anisometropia. The difference was significant. But the patients with anisometropia had better near stereoacuity (Z=-3.230, P<0.01) and better near contrast sensitivity (t=0.18, 0.34, 0.49, 0.38, 0.20, 0.34, 0.24, 0.38, P<0.01). Some patients with anisometropia had better far stereoscopic vision. The anisometropic patients were more comfortable for overall visual quality (t=-3.05, P<0.01). Conclusion Anisometropia induced after cataract surgery, visual quality of patients for far declined, but there are still a considerable number of patients with far stereoacuity. Visual quality for near site improve greatly, and life satisfaction improved.