1 Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha 410015, China 2 Aier Glaucoma Research Institute, Changsha Aier Eye Hospital, Changsha 410015, China 3 Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the ability of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) for detecting large physiological disc cupping (LPC) from primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in highly myopic eyes. Methods: In this case control study, 20 highly myopic eyes with mild primary open-angle glaucoma, 22 highly myopic eyes with large disc cupping and 16 normal, non-highly myopic eyes were included. All of the patients were recruited from Changsha Aier Eye Hospital in 2019. Vessel density (VD) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) parameters were measured by OCTA. A one-way analysis of variance and Pearson coefficients were used. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were calculated. Results: The control group compared with the LPC group as follows: The RNFL thickness of the SN and IN regions was greater than that in the LPC group (all P<0.05); the VD in the deep macular layer of the entire image, including the parafovea, perifovea, and peri-N regions, were greater than that in the LPC group (all P<0.05). The LPC group compared with the POAG group as follows: The RNFL thickness of the ST, SN, IT and TI regions and the average RNFL thickness were greater than that in the POAG group (all P<0.05), the disc and peripapillary VD of the entire image, including the capillary, the entire peripapillary, and peripapillary-capillary regions, were higher than that in the POAG group (all P<0.05); the VDs of the most superficial macular regions were higher than that in the POAG group (all P<0.05). The diagnostic efficacy of the parameters between the POAG and LPC groups showed the following: The highest AUC of the disc and peripapillary disc VD was in the peripapillary-capillary region (0.90, 95%CI: 0.80, 0.99); the AUC (0.74±0.65) of the superficial capillary density in the macular area was higher than that in the AUC (0.61±0.37) of the macular deep capillary density, and the difference was statistically significant (F=8.32, P<0.001). Conclusions: OCTA parameters can be used for early diagnosis of the differences between POAG and LPC in highly myopic eyes.
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