Objective: To evaluate vision quality by observing the changes of ocular higher order aberration after wearing toric orthokeratology lenses. Methods: In this retrospective case series, the higher order aberrations (HOA) of both eyes of 25 toric orthokeratology lenses users, who had no ocular diseases other than myopia,were quantified with the CSO-Modia Wave wavefront analyzer from February 2015 to August 2016. Zernike polynomials were used to describe the wavefront measurements. Root mean square values of the total HOAs, total coma, total spherical, total astigmatism, and residual aberrations were obtained in the same eyes before and at 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-months after fitting the contact lenses. The general linear model for repeated measurements and Bonferroni tests were used to analyze the data. Results: After wearing the lenses, in
5 mm and 7 mm pupil diameter astigmatism aberration, coma, spherical aberration, residual aberration and total higher order aberration were increased compare to before wearing, the difference was statistically significant (5 mm: F =5.15, 11.11, 10.73, 6.95, 11.18, respectively, all P < 0.05; 7 mm: F =2.93, 4.71, 9.34,5.01, 5.70, respectively, all P < 0.05). The aberration values increased gradually after lens wear. The values peaked at three months, and then gradually decreased. Conclusions: Wavefront analysis showed that the total HOAs, total coma, total spherical aberration, total astigmatism, and residual aberrations were increased after toric orthokeratology lenses wear. Toric orthokeratology lenses reduced the quality of vision in the subjects of this study.