|
|
Research Progress in Understanding the Relationship Treatment of Strabismus, Amblyopia and the Mental Health of Children |
Junjie Deng,Jun Qiang,Xiangui He, Xun Xu |
Shanghai Eye Diseases Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai 200040, China
Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China |
|
|
Abstract Strabismus and amblyopia are common eye diseases correlated with visual development in children.Strabismus, amblyopia and the associated treatments are closely related with the sociopsychological health of children. Current researches indicates that children with strabismus are likely to be alienated and discriminated against. In comparison with normal children, they are more likely to have sociopsychological problems. Even more mental disturbance might occur in serious cases. Timely strabismic treatments could exert a positive sociopsychological impact on children with strabismus. Although there is no unanimous opinion about the psychological effect of childhood amblyopia, most research indicates that treatments for amblyopia might exert a negative influence on sociopsychological health. Effective psychological intervention could promote compliance with amblyopic treatments, and minimize treatments' negative impact on childhood mental health. With more research, the sociopsychological children may face will gradually be illuminated, and the findings will provide a more sound theoretical basis for psychological intervention.
|
Received: 24 January 2017
|
Fund: This study was funded by Scientific Research Project of Shanghai Municipal Health Bureau(20124102) |
Corresponding Authors:
Xiangui He, Shanghai Eye Diseases Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai 200040, China (Email: xianhezi@163.com)
|
|
|
|
[1] |
Fu J, Li SM, Liu LR, et al. Prevalence of amblyopia and strabismus in a population of 7th-grade junior high school
|
|
students in Central China: the Anyang Childhood Eye Study(ACES). Ophthalmic Epidemiol, 2014, 21(3): 197-203. DOI:
|
[1] |
Fu J, Li SM, Liu LR, et al. Prevalence of amblyopia and strabismus in a population of 7th-grade junior high school
|
|
students in Central China: the Anyang Childhood Eye Study(ACES). Ophthalmic Epidemiol, 2014, 21(3): 197-203. DOI:
|
10 |
3109/09286586.2014.904371.
|
10 |
3109/09286586.2014.904371.
|
[2] |
Chen X, Fu Z, Yu J, et al. Prevalence of amblyopia and strabismus in Eastern China: results from screening of preschool
|
|
children aged 36-72 months. Br J Ophthalmol, 2016, 100(4):515-519. DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2015-306999.
|
[3] |
Wu JF, Bi HS, Wang SM, et al. Refractive error, visual acuity and causes of vision loss in children in Shandong, China: The Shandong Children Eye Study. PLoS One, 2013, 8(12): e82763.DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082763.
|
[2] |
Chen X, Fu Z, Yu J, et al. Prevalence of amblyopia and strabismus in Eastern China: results from screening of preschool
|
|
children aged 36-72 months. Br J Ophthalmol, 2016, 100(4):515-519. DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2015-306999.
|
[3] |
Wu JF, Bi HS, Wang SM, et al. Refractive error, visual acuity and causes of vision loss in children in Shandong, China: The Shandong Children Eye Study. PLoS One, 2013, 8(12): e82763.DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082763.
|
[4] |
He M, Huang W, Zheng Y, et al. Refractive error and visual impairment in school children in rural Southern China.
|
|
Ophthalmology, 2007, 114(2): 374-382. DOI: 10.1016/ j.ophtha.2006.08.020.
|
[4] |
He M, Huang W, Zheng Y, et al. Refractive error and visual impairment in school children in rural Southern China.
|
|
Ophthalmology, 2007, 114(2): 374-382. DOI: 10.1016/ j.ophtha.2006.08.020.
|
[5] |
Fu J, Li SM, Li SY, et al. Prevalence, causes and associations of amblyopia in year 1 students in Central China: The
|
|
Anyang childhood eye study (ACES). Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2014, 252(1): 137-143. DOI: 10.1007/s00417-013-2451-z.
|
[6] |
Pi LH, Chen L, Liu Q, et al. Prevalence of eye diseases and causes of visual impairment in school-aged children in Western China. J Epidemiol, 2012, 22(1): 37-44. DOI: 10.2188/jea.JE20110063.
|
[7] |
Lu P, Chen X, Zhang W, et al. Prevalence of ocular disease in Tibetan primary school children. Can J Ophthalmol, 2008,4(1): 95-99. DOI: 10.3129/i07-194.
|
[8] |
He J, Lu L, Zou H, et al. Prevalence and causes of visual impairment and rate of wearing spectacles in schools for children of migrant workers in Shanghai, China. BMC Public Health, 2014, 14: 1312. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-1312.
|
[5] |
Fu J, Li SM, Li SY, et al. Prevalence, causes and associations of amblyopia in year 1 students in Central China: The
|
|
Anyang childhood eye study (ACES). Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2014, 252(1): 137-143. DOI: 10.1007/s00417-013-2451-z.
|
[6] |
Pi LH, Chen L, Liu Q, et al. Prevalence of eye diseases and causes of visual impairment in school-aged children in Western China. J Epidemiol, 2012, 22(1): 37-44. DOI: 10.2188/jea.JE20110063.
|
[7] |
Lu P, Chen X, Zhang W, et al. Prevalence of ocular disease in Tibetan primary school children. Can J Ophthalmol, 2008,4(1): 95-99. DOI: 10.3129/i07-194.
|
[8] |
He J, Lu L, Zou H, et al. Prevalence and causes of visual impairment and rate of wearing spectacles in schools for children of migrant workers in Shanghai, China. BMC Public Health, 2014, 14: 1312. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-1312.
|
[9] |
赵堪兴. 斜视弱视学. 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2011: 61, 133.
|
[10] |
Carlton J, Karnon J, Czoski-Murray C, et al. The clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of screening programmes for amblyopia and strabismus in children up to the age of 4-5 years: a systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess, 2008, 12(25): iii, xi-194. DOI: 10.3310/hta12250.
|
[11] |
Simons K. Amblyopia characterization, treatment, and prophylaxis. Surv Ophthalmol, 2005, 50(2): 123-166. DOI:10.1016/j.survophthal.2004.12.005.
|
[9] |
赵堪兴. 斜视弱视学. 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2011: 61, 133.
|
[10] |
Carlton J, Karnon J, Czoski-Murray C, et al. The clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of screening programmes for amblyopia and strabismus in children up to the age of 4-5 years: a systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess, 2008, 12(25): iii, xi-194. DOI: 10.3310/hta12250.
|
[11] |
Simons K. Amblyopia characterization, treatment, and prophylaxis. Surv Ophthalmol, 2005, 50(2): 123-166. DOI:10.1016/j.survophthal.2004.12.005.
|
[12] |
Tolchin JG, Lederman ME. Congenital (infantile) esotropia:psychiatric aspects. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus, 1978,15(3): 160-163.
|
[13] |
Akay AP, Cakaloz B, Berk AT, et al. Psychosocial aspects of mothers of children with strabismus. J AAPOS, 2005, 9(3): 268-273. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2005.01.008.
|
[14] |
Kothari M, Balankhe S, Gawade R, et al. Comparison of psychosocial and emotional consequences of childhood strabismus on the families from rural and urban India. Indian J Ophthalmol, 2009, 57(4): 285-288. DOI: 10.4103/0301-4738.53053.
|
[12] |
Tolchin JG, Lederman ME. Congenital (infantile) esotropia:psychiatric aspects. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus, 1978,15(3): 160-163.
|
[15] |
Koklanis K, Abel LA, Aroni R. Psychosocial impact of
|
[13] |
Akay AP, Cakaloz B, Berk AT, et al. Psychosocial aspects of mothers of children with strabismus. J AAPOS, 2005, 9(3): 268-273. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2005.01.008.
|
|
amblyopia and its treatment: a multidisciplinary study. Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2006, 34(8): 743-750. DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9071.2006.01317.x.
|
[14] |
Kothari M, Balankhe S, Gawade R, et al. Comparison of psychosocial and emotional consequences of childhood strabismus on the families from rural and urban India. Indian J Ophthalmol, 2009, 57(4): 285-288. DOI: 10.4103/0301-4738.53053.
|
[15] |
Koklanis K, Abel LA, Aroni R. Psychosocial impact of
|
|
amblyopia and its treatment: a multidisciplinary study. Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2006, 34(8): 743-750. DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9071.2006.01317.x.
|
[16] |
Duke-Elder S. Text Book of Ophthalmology. The Neurology of Vision, Motor and Optical Anomalies. London, Henry Kimpton,1949: 3832.
|
[17] |
Uretmen O, Egrilmez S, Kose S, et al. Negative social bias against children with strabismus. Acta Ophthalmol Scand, 2003,81(2): 138-142. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0420.2003.00024.x.
|
[18] |
Paysse EA, Steele EA, McCreery KM, et al. Age of the emergence of negative attitudes toward strabismus. J AAPOS,2001, 5(6): 361-366. DOI: 10.1067/mpa.2001.119243.
|
[19] |
Lukman H, Kiat JE, Ganesan A, et al. Strabismus-related prejudice in 5-6-year-old children. Br J Ophthalmol, 2010,94(10): 1348-1351. DOI: 10.1136/ bjo.2009.173526.
|
[20] |
Johns HA, Manny RE, Fern KD, et al. The effect of strabismus on a young child's selection of a playmate. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt, 2005, 25(5): 400-407. DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-1313.2005.00310.x.
|
[21] |
Mojon-Azzi SM, Kunz A, Mojon DS. Strabismus and discrimination in children: are children with strabismus invited to fewer birthday parties? Br J Ophthalmol, 2011, 95(4): 473-476. DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2010.185793.
|
[22] |
Lukman H, Kiat JE, Ganesan A, et al. Negative social reaction to strabismus in school children ages 8-12 years. J AAPOS,2011, 15 (3): 238-240. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2011.01.158.
|
[23] |
Tonge BJ, Lipton GL, Crawford G. Psychological and educational correlates of strabismus in school children. Aust NZJ Psychiatry, 1984, 18(1): 71-77. DOI:10.3109/00048678409161038.
|
[24] |
Satterfield D, Keltner JL, Morrison TL. Psychosocial aspects of strabismus study. Arch Ophthalmol, 1993, 111(8): 1100-1105.DOI: 10.1001/archopht.1993.01090080096024.
|
[25] |
Wen G, McKean-Cowdin R, Varma R, et al. General health-related quality of life in preschool children with strabismus or amblyopia. Ophthalmology, 2011, 118(3): 574-580. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.06.039.
|
[26] |
Mohney BG, McKenzie JA, Capo JA, et al. Mental illness in young adults who had strabismus as children. Pediatrics, 2008,122(5): 1033-1038. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2007-3484.
|
[27] |
McKenzie JA, Capo JA, Nusz KJ, et al. Prevalence and sex differences of psychiatric disorders in young adults who had intermittent exotropia as children. Arch Ophthalmol, 2009,127(6): 743-747. DOI: 10.1001/archophthalmol.2009.68.
|
[28] |
Olson JH, Louwagie CR, Diehl NN, et al. Congenital esotropia and the risk of mentalillness by early adulthood. Ophthalmology,2012, 119(1): 145-149. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.06. 035.
|
[29] |
Rahi JS, Cumberland PM, Peckham CS. Does amblyopia affect educational, health, and social outcomes Findings from 1958 British birth cohort. BMJ, 2006, 332(7545): 820-825. DOI:10.1136/bmj.38751.597963.
|
[30] |
魏欣, 江灵莉, 肖满意, 等. 远视性弱视儿童的心理行为分析. 中国斜视与小儿眼科杂志, 2011, 19(4): 161-164. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-328X.2011.04.006.
|
[16] |
Duke-Elder S. Text Book of Ophthalmology. The Neurology of Vision, Motor and Optical Anomalies. London, Henry Kimpton,1949: 3832.
|
[17] |
Uretmen O, Egrilmez S, Kose S, et al. Negative social bias against children with strabismus. Acta Ophthalmol Scand, 2003,81(2): 138-142. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0420.2003.00024.x.
|
[18] |
Paysse EA, Steele EA, McCreery KM, et al. Age of the emergence of negative attitudes toward strabismus. J AAPOS,2001, 5(6): 361-366. DOI: 10.1067/mpa.2001.119243.
|
[19] |
Lukman H, Kiat JE, Ganesan A, et al. Strabismus-related prejudice in 5-6-year-old children. Br J Ophthalmol, 2010,94(10): 1348-1351. DOI: 10.1136/ bjo.2009.173526.
|
[20] |
Johns HA, Manny RE, Fern KD, et al. The effect of strabismus on a young child's selection of a playmate. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt, 2005, 25(5): 400-407. DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-1313.2005.00310.x.
|
[21] |
Mojon-Azzi SM, Kunz A, Mojon DS. Strabismus and discrimination in children: are children with strabismus invited to fewer birthday parties? Br J Ophthalmol, 2011, 95(4): 473-476. DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2010.185793.
|
[22] |
Lukman H, Kiat JE, Ganesan A, et al. Negative social reaction to strabismus in school children ages 8-12 years. J AAPOS,2011, 15 (3): 238-240. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2011.01.158.
|
[23] |
Tonge BJ, Lipton GL, Crawford G. Psychological and educational correlates of strabismus in school children. Aust NZJ Psychiatry, 1984, 18(1): 71-77. DOI:10.3109/00048678409161038.
|
[24] |
Satterfield D, Keltner JL, Morrison TL. Psychosocial aspects of strabismus study. Arch Ophthalmol, 1993, 111(8): 1100-1105.DOI: 10.1001/archopht.1993.01090080096024.
|
[25] |
Wen G, McKean-Cowdin R, Varma R, et al. General health-related quality of life in preschool children with strabismus or amblyopia. Ophthalmology, 2011, 118(3): 574-580. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.06.039.
|
[26] |
Mohney BG, McKenzie JA, Capo JA, et al. Mental illness in young adults who had strabismus as children. Pediatrics, 2008,122(5): 1033-1038. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2007-3484.
|
[27] |
McKenzie JA, Capo JA, Nusz KJ, et al. Prevalence and sex differences of psychiatric disorders in young adults who had intermittent exotropia as children. Arch Ophthalmol, 2009,127(6): 743-747. DOI: 10.1001/archophthalmol.2009.68.
|
[28] |
Olson JH, Louwagie CR, Diehl NN, et al. Congenital esotropia and the risk of mentalillness by early adulthood. Ophthalmology,2012, 119(1): 145-149. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.06. 035.
|
[29] |
Rahi JS, Cumberland PM, Peckham CS. Does amblyopia affect educational, health, and social outcomes Findings from 1958 British birth cohort. BMJ, 2006, 332(7545): 820-825. DOI:10.1136/bmj.38751.597963.
|
[30] |
魏欣, 江灵莉, 肖满意, 等. 远视性弱视儿童的心理行为分析. 中国斜视与小儿眼科杂志, 2011, 19(4): 161-164. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-328X.2011.04.006.
|
[31] |
Mruthyunjaya P, Simon JW, Pickering JD, et al. Subjective and objective outcomes of strabismus surgery in children. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus, 1996, 33(3): 167-170.
|
[32] |
Archer SM, Musch DC, Wren PA, et al. Social and emotional impact of strabismus surgery on quality of life in children. J AAPOS, 2005, 9(2): 148-151. DOI: 10.1016/ j.jaapos.2004.12.006.
|
[33] |
Menon V, Saha J, Tandon R, et al. Study of the psychosocial aspects of strabismus. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus, 2002,39(4): 203-208. DOI: 10.3928/0191-3913-20020701-07.
|
[34] |
Kilgore KP, Barraza RA, Hodge DO, et al. Surgical correction of childhood intermittent exotropia and the risk of developing mental illness. Am J Ophthalmol, 2014, 158(4): 788-792.e1.DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2014.06.008.
|
[35] |
Choong YF, Lukman H, Martin S, et al. Childhood amblyopia treatment: psychosocial implications for patients and primary carers. Eye (Lond), 2004, 18(4): 369-375. DOI: 10.1038/sj.eye.6700647.
|
[36] |
Holmes JM, Beck RW, Kraker RT, et al. Impact of patching and atropine treatment on the child and family in the amblyopia treatment study. Arch Ophthalmol, 2003, 121(11): 1625-1632.DOI: 10.1001/archopht.121.11.1625.
|
[37] |
Hrisos S, Clarke MP, Wright CM. The emotional impact of amblyopia treatment in preschool children: randomizedcontrolled trial. Ophthalmology, 2004, 111(8): 1550-1556. DOI:10.1016/j.ophtha.2003.12.059.
|
[38] |
陈建平, 周妍丽, 付选香, 等. 儿童弱视治疗依从行为的心理因素分析及提高治疗依从性的途径探讨. 现代生物医学进展,2015, 15(9): 1708-1710. DOI: 10.13241/j.cnki.pmb.2015.09.028.
|
[31] |
Mruthyunjaya P, Simon JW, Pickering JD, et al. Subjective and objective outcomes of strabismus surgery in children. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus, 1996, 33(3): 167-170.
|
[32] |
Archer SM, Musch DC, Wren PA, et al. Social and emotional impact of strabismus surgery on quality of life in children. J AAPOS, 2005, 9(2): 148-151. DOI: 10.1016/ j.jaapos.2004.12.006.
|
[33] |
Menon V, Saha J, Tandon R, et al. Study of the psychosocial aspects of strabismus. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus, 2002,39(4): 203-208. DOI: 10.3928/0191-3913-20020701-07.
|
[34] |
Kilgore KP, Barraza RA, Hodge DO, et al. Surgical correction of childhood intermittent exotropia and the risk of developing mental illness. Am J Ophthalmol, 2014, 158(4): 788-792.e1.DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2014.06.008.
|
[35] |
Choong YF, Lukman H, Martin S, et al. Childhood amblyopia treatment: psychosocial implications for patients and primary carers. Eye (Lond), 2004, 18(4): 369-375. DOI: 10.1038/sj.eye.6700647.
|
[39] |
吕万丽. 心理干预在儿童弱视治疗中的作用探讨. 中华实用诊断与治疗杂志, 2009, 23(1): 100-101.
|
[40] |
赵勇洁. 集体心理干预对儿童屈光参差性弱视治疗的影响.中国心理卫生杂志, 2007, 21(5): 350-352. DOI: 10.3321/j.issn:
|
[36] |
Holmes JM, Beck RW, Kraker RT, et al. Impact of patching and atropine treatment on the child and family in the amblyopia treatment study. Arch Ophthalmol, 2003, 121(11): 1625-1632.DOI: 10.1001/archopht.121.11.1625.
|
[37] |
Hrisos S, Clarke MP, Wright CM. The emotional impact of amblyopia treatment in preschool children: randomizedcontrolled trial. Ophthalmology, 2004, 111(8): 1550-1556. DOI:10.1016/j.ophtha.2003.12.059.
|
[38] |
陈建平, 周妍丽, 付选香, 等. 儿童弱视治疗依从行为的心理因素分析及提高治疗依从性的途径探讨. 现代生物医学进展,2015, 15(9): 1708-1710. DOI: 10.13241/j.cnki.pmb.2015.09.028.
|
10 |
00-6729.2007.05.022.
|
[39] |
吕万丽. 心理干预在儿童弱视治疗中的作用探讨. 中华实用诊断与治疗杂志, 2009, 23(1): 100-101.
|
[40] |
赵勇洁. 集体心理干预对儿童屈光参差性弱视治疗的影响.中国心理卫生杂志, 2007, 21(5): 350-352. DOI: 10.3321/j.issn:
|
10 |
00-6729.2007.05.022.
|
|
|
|