To design a Chinese characters reading acuity chart with high and low contrast by selecting some Chinese sentences that have the equal legibility as the optotypes. Methods Experimental study. Choose the sentences with the same legibility as the optotypes by the following steps： ①Standardizing the sentences： the length of the sentence was got statistically by calculating collected the sentences on the daily reading materials； based on the junior middle school Chinese teaching materials and within 2500 most common Chinese characters， 95 sentences were constructed in Chinese with the same length of words， highly comparable syntactical structure and the same lexical and grammatical difficulty. ②Psychophysical experimental method： choose those university students， with the best corrected far and near visual acuity of 1.0 or better， normal amplitude， no uncomfortable complaints recently as volunteers. Sentences were statistically selected and standardized in these volunteers. The optotypes were selected following the rule of the minimum scope and the maximum intersection of the reading speed and the total strokes of the sentences. The principles of international universal visual chart design were applied in designing the Page layout. With high （100%） and low （10%） contrast. Results 52 sentences with the same legibility were selected after the firstly standardized sentences and secondly psychophysical experimental method； the Chinese characters reading acuity chart with high and low contrast was designed by following the principles of International universal visual chart design. Conclusion The high and low contrast Chinese characters reading acuity chart， with the equal legibility optotypes， were designed scientifically， which hoped to be used in measuring reading acuity and assessing reading behavior etc.