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Analysis of the Clinical Features of Adult Ocular Myasthenia Gravis |
Junjie Tang, Fangyuan Chen, Jian Chen, Yuanting Yang, Qing Zhou |
Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China |
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Abstract Objective: To analyze the clinical features and ophthalmoplegic characteristics of ocular myasthenia gravis (OMG) in adult patients. Methods: A retrospective case series study of the medical records of 40 adult patients diagnosed with OMG at the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University from June 2016 to October 2019 was performed to analyze the clinical features of OMG. The descriptive statistics included the duration of symptoms, gender distribution, ocular symptoms, diplopia features, ophthalmoplegic characteristics and the results of diagnostic tests. Results: Of the 40 adult OMG patients, 50% of the cases (20) were men. The median course of the disease among all patients was 6 months (range: 1 month to 10 years). At the first visit, 27 patients (68%) showed diplopia only, 9 patients (22%) showed ptosis only, 4 patients (10%) showed diplopia with ptosis. Among the patients with diplopia (n=31), 20 cases (64%) showed horizontal diplopia and 11 cases (35%) showed vertical diplopia. Multiple binocular extraocular muscles were affected in all diplopia patients. The most paralytic extraocular muscle was the lateral rectus (16 cases, 52%), and in descending order, the superior rectus (6 cases, 19%), medial rectus (4 cases, 13%), inferior rectus (3 cases, 10%), superior oblique (1 case, 3%), and inferior oblique (1 case, 3%). A neostigmine test was positive in 32 of 40 patients (80%), acetycholine receptor antibody assay was positive in 4 of 40 patients (10%), abnormal electromyography results were found in 2 of 40 patients (5%), thymus CT showed abnormal findings in 5 of 40 patients (13%), and 19 cases (48%) combined the thymus with thyroid disorders. Conclusions: Horizontal diplopia was the initial symptom in most adult OMG patients and the lateral rectus was the most susceptible muscle.
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Received: 24 November 2020
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Corresponding Authors:
Qing Zhou, Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China (Email: kerryzh@163.com)
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