Objective:To investigate accommodative ability in pediatric patients with intermittent exotropia concomitant after surgery.Methods:Twenty-four pediatric patients with intermittent exotropia were recruited for a prospective study at the Eye Center, People's Hospital, Peking University, from September 2020 to December 2020. Binocular and monocular accommodative facility was tested using a ±2.00 diopter (D)flip. Accommodative responses and negative/positive relative accommodation under binocular viewing conditions at 40 cm were tested. The evaluation parameters were measured before surgery and 1 and 3 months after surgery. The data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA.Results:The binocular accommodative response was 0.28±0.24 D 3 months after surgery compared to 0.08±0.24 D before surgery, the former was signi?cant higher than the latter (95%CI: 0.033-0.363 D,P=0.015). The NRA was 2.46±0.39 D 3 months after surgery, which was signi?cantly higher than that before surgery, which was 2.17±0.36 D (95%CI: 0.012-0.571 D,P=0.039). The PRA before surgery was-2.08±0.95 D,-2.56±1.14 D and -3.13±1.65 D, respectively, at 1 and 3 months after surgery. The PRA before surgery was signi?cant higher than the data 1 month after surgery (95%CI: 0.125-1.979 D,P=0.023). The binocular accommodative facility was 8.58±2.21 and 9.33±2.39 cycles per minute (cpm) at 1 and 3 months, respectively, after surgery. This was significantly higher than the data before surgery, which was 6.00±2.00 cpm [95%CI:1.485-3.681 cpm,P<0.001; 95%CI: 1.937-4.729 cpm,P<0.001]. The accommodative facility of the dominant eye 1 month after surgery was significant higher than the data before surgery (95%CI:1.644-3.523 cpm,P<0.001), which was the same as 3 months after surgery (95%CI: 3.665-6.085 cpm,P<0.001). The accommodative facility of the non-dominant eye before surgery was signi?cant higher than the data 1 month after surgery (95%CI: 1.019-2.898 cpm,P<0.001), which was the same as 3 months after surgery (95%CI: 3.915-6.335 cpm,P<0.001). The accommodative facility of the dominant eyes 1 month after surgery was also signi?cant higher than the data of the non-dominant eyes (95%CI: 0.130-2.537 cpm, P=0.031).Conclusions:The binocular vergence-accommodation system and the accommodative abilities of children with intermittent exotropia concomitant obviously improve after surgery.