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Abstract Objective To explore the possible mechanisms of myopia.Form-deprivation myopia was induced in guinea pigs and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 1 (NMDAR1) antisense oligonucleotides were injected intravitreously.Methods In this experimental study,3-week-old guinea pigs were divided into six groups (each n=10):group A was the control group; group B underwent monocular form-deprivation (MD) for 3 weeks; group C1 received intravitreous injection of 100 ng NMDAR1 sense oligonucleotides to MD eyes; group C2 received intravitreous injection of saline to MD eyes;group C3 received intravitreous injection of 10 ng NMDAR1 antisense oligonucleotides to MD eyes;group C4 received intravitreous injection of 100 ng NMDAR1 antisense oligonucleotides to MD eyes.Groups C1～C4 received the intravitreous injection at the second week of deprivation.Refraction and axial length of the eyes were measured and the expression of NMDAR1 was assayed by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR before the test and 3 weeks later.Differences between groups were assessed using one-way ANOVA,and the correlation between NMDAR1 antisense oligonucleotides and refraction,axial length were analyzed with linear correlation.Results There were statistical differences in the degree of myopia,axial length and level of NMDAR1 protein and mRNA among groups A,B,C1～C4 (F=55.247,142.213,43.215,592.435,P＜0.05).In group B and groups C1～C4,myopia was more severe and eye axial length was longer in MD eyes.There were no significant differences in the degree of myopia,axial length or the level of NMDAR1 protein and mRNA among groups B,C1 and C2.The degree of myopia was gradually less severe,axial length was gradually shortened and the level of NMDAR1 was gradually down regulated among groups C2,C3 and C4 and the effect was concentration-dependent.The degree of myopia had a positive correlation to the concentration gradient (r=-0.695,P＜0.05) while axial length and the level of NMDAR1 expression had a negative correlation (r=-0.731,-0.625,-0.821,P＜0.05).Conclusion Significant up-regulation can be observed in the expression of NMDAR1 in the level of mRNA and protein in MD eyes.With NMDAR1 antisense oligonucleotides injected intravitreously,the expression of NMDAR1 is down-regulated along with reduced development of myopia.
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