Therapeutic Effect of Spirulina Polysaccharide Extract Eye Drops on Staphylococcus Aureus Keratitis in Rabbits
Yao Wang1, 2, Ting Liu1, 2, Yang Yu1, 2, Xin Wang2 , Fangying Song1, 2, Lingling Yang1, 2
1 Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao 266071, China 2 State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
Abstract： Objective: To observe the therapeutic effect of the local application of polysaccharide extract from spirulina platensis (PSP) on experimental Staphylococcus aureus keratitis in rabbits. Methods: In this experimental research, PSP was extracted from the powder of Spirulina platensis and 0.01% PSP eye drops were prepared. In 45 experimental rabbits, 5 μl of Staphylococcus aureus bacterial solution [ATCC25923, 100 corneal forming units (CFU)] was injected into the central cornea stroma with a matrix injection needle. Eight hours after corneal stroma injection, the rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: basal control group, 0.9% sodium chloride solution group and PSP group. The 0.9% sodium chloride solution group and the PSP group were given the 0.9% sodium chloride solution or PSP eye drops, respectively, once every 15 minutes, 5 consecutive times, then changed to once every 30 minutes, 14 consecutive times. One hour after the last eye drops, the corneal epithelial defects were evaluated under a slit lamp using fluorescein sodium staining and clinical scores were calculated. Then the corneas were acquired and CFU was determined. Three eyeballs in each group were randomly selected for histopathological observation, and real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression of inflammatory factors in the cornea. The independent sample t test was used for comparison between groups. Results: The corneal epithelial defect was serious in the 0.9% sodium chloride solution group and less serious in the PSP group. Compared with the 0.9% sodium chloride solution group, the clinical score of the PSP group was significantly lower, and the difference was statistically significant (t=5.293, P<0.001). Compared with the 0.9% sodium chloride solution group, the quantity of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and CFU in the PSP group decreased significantly (t=4.383, P<0.001). Histopathological results showed significant inflammatory cell infiltration in the 0.9% sodium chloride solution group. Compared with the 0.9% sodium chloride solution group, the PSP-treated group had relatively good ocular structure and less inflammatory cell infiltration. Real-time quantitative PCR results showed that the expression of interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α was significantly lower in the PSP-treated group than that in the 0.9% sodium chloride solution group. Conclusions: 0.01% PSP eye drops can significantly reduce the severity and corneal bacterial load of Staphylococcus aureus keratitis, suggesting that PSP may have potential therapeutic value for Staphylococcus aureus keratitis.
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