Objective To evaluate the topographic profile and influential factors of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in young myopia.Methods It was a cross-sectional study.One hundred and sixty-two eyes of 162 consecutive refractive surgery candidates were included in this study.The mean age of the subjects was 27.0±4.6 years old,the average spherical equivalent (SE) was-4.98±2.64 D with a range of-0.75 D to-11.00 D,of 54 eyes were low myopia with the mean SE was-2.27±0.64 D,55 eyes were moderate myopia with the average SE was-4.54±0.79 D,53 eyes were high myopia with the mean SE was-8.19±1.51 D.All subjects underwent ophthalmic examination and the imaging with the Stratus optical coherence tomography (Stratus OCT).Data were analyzed using a partial correlation.Results The global RNFL thickness was 103.6±9.5 μm,the RNFL thickness of the superior quadrant was 128.7±16.8 μm,the RNFL thickness of the nasal quadrant was 67.8±16.5 μm,the RNFL thickness of the inferior quadrant was 125.9±17.2 μm,the RNFL thickness of the temporal quadrant was 91.9±16.9 μm.No statistically significant associations between the parameters of RNFL thickness and age,gender,corneal curvature,central corneal thickness (CCT),negative correlation between the axial length and RNFL thickness of the global,superior quadrant,the nasal quadrant,the inferior quadrant (r=-0.379,-0.297,-0.180,-0.291,All P value ＜0.05),while no statistically significant associations between the RNFL thickness of temporal and the axial length.The partial correlation coefficient between the RNFL thickness of the superior quadrant,the nasal quadrant,the inferior quadrant,the temporal quadrant and SE was r=0.003 (P=0.968),r=-0.233 (P=0.003),r=-0.163 (P=0.039),r=0.159 (P=0.045),respectively.Conclusion The topographic profile of peripapillary RNFL thickness is the superior quadrant ＞the inferior quadrant ＞the temporal quadrant ＞the nasal quadrant in these young myopia.The global RNFL thickness and the RNFL thickness of the nasal quadrant decreased with the axial length,also in the superior quadrant and the inferior quadrant.The RNFL thickness of the nasal and the superior quadrant are decrease with the SE,while the RNFL thickness of the temporal quadrant is increased.