Objective To investigate the relationship between meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) and conjunctivochalasis (CCh),and to observe the therapeutic effect of meibomian gland pressing.Methods This was a prospective,randomized,case control study.Two hundred eyes of 100 patients with CCh were included in this study in which the ocular surface disease index (OSDI),meibomian gland outlet score,smears of meibomian gland secretion,and tear break-up time (BUT)were observed and also used to evaluate the therapeutic effect of pressing treatment for MGD.CCh patients with MGD were randomly divided into two groups:24 patients (48 eyes) were treated with pressing treatment and 22 patients (44 eyes) were treated with artificial tears eye drops and antibiotic eye drops (the control group).All patients were followed up at 1,2,4,and 8 weeks.The data from OSDI and BUT for the two groups at the 8-week follow-up were used to conduct with an independent samples t test or paired t test.Results Of the 200 eyes,92 eyes (46％) with MGD.While OSDI scores in CCh without MGD (21.6±5.9) were significantly lower than that in those with MGD (46.3± 7.9) (t=17.172,P＜0.01),OSDI scores in eyes with pressing treatment (21.2±4.8) were significantly lower than that pre-treatment (45.8±8.9) (t=22.170,P＜0.01 ).After pressing treatment,the meibomian gland outlet scores (2.1±0.3) were significantly lower compared with the pre-treatment scores (3.2±0.4)(t=2.688,P=0.025).BUT in pressing-treated eyes significantly improved to be (7.1±0.9) seconds compared with (5.7±0.9) seconds of baseline (t=10.110,P＜0.05).In the control group,there was a significant difference in OSDI (t=24.330,P＜0.01) rather than in BUT and meibomian gland outlet scores between pre- and post-treatment.In addition,lipid,epithelia,apoptosis cells,broken cells and inflammatory cells were observed in some smears of meibemian gland secretion.Conclusion MGD can accompany CCh and exacerbate its symptoms,whereas pressing the meibomian gland is an effective method for treating MGD and attenuating the related symptoms of CCh.