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| Epidemiological Survey of High Myopia in PeopleAged 18 Years or Older in Chongqing |
| Jing Peng, HaoYao, Lanjiao Li, Cong Zhang, Xiyuan Zhou |
| Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China |
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Abstract Objective: To investigate the prevalence of high myopia and its influencing factors, the prevalence of high myopic choroidal retinopathy and visual impairment in people aged 18 and above in Chongqing; and compare the consistency between artifcial intelligence (AI) software and manual flm reading in the diagnosis of high myopic choroidal retinopathy. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. The stratifed cluster sampling method was adopted to investigate the eye health of the people aged 18 years and above in Yongchuan District, Chongqing in July 2021, including questionnaire survey and eye examinations including visual acuity, equivalent spherical lens (SE), non-contact intraocular pressure, slit lamp, and fundus photography. High myopia was defned as SE ≤-6.00 D and had high myopic choroidal retinopathy, such as posterior staphyloma, Fuchs spot, lacquer crack, retina leopard pattern change, and optic disc atrophy arc, etc. The fundus images of people with SE≤-6.00 D were screened and analyzed byAI and manual reading methods to determine high myopia retinochoroidal disease. Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the infuencing factors of high myopia. Kappa test and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were used to compare the consistency of manual and AI flm reading. Results: Atotal of 4 364 people were surveyed in the scheme, 4 695 were actually investigated, with the response rate was 107.58%, including 237 people with 384 eyes SE ≤-6.00 D, the prevalence of high myopia in Chongqing was 5.05%. People between the ages of 18 and 30 were more likely to have high myopia (OR=0.38, 95%CI: 0.188-0.760, P=0.006); Women had a higher risk of high myopia (OR=1.41, 95%CI: 1.028-1.935, P=0.033); People in high school, college, university or above were more likely to suffer from high myopia than those in primary school or below (OR=3.62, 3.34, 7.30, P<0.001). One hundred and sixty two people diagnosed with high myopic choroidal retinopathy by manual reading, accounting for 68.35% of high myopia population, and the overall prevalence rate was 3.45%; 155 people diagnosed with high myopia retinochoroidal disease changes by AI, accounting 65.40%, and the overall prevalence rate was 3.30%. Artifcial photoreading and AI were used to diagnose retinal choroidopathy in high myopic choroidal retinopathy (Kappa=0.895, P<0.001) and pathological high myopia (Kappa=0.931, P<0.001), indicating that AI and manual were in good agreement in diagnosis. The area under ROC curve of high myopia (AUC=0.959, P<0.001) and pathological myopia (AUC=0.955, P<0.001) were diagnosed by AI in the ROC test, and the sensitivity and specificity were both above 90%, indicating that AI diagnosis had high diagnostic accuracy. At the same time, the visual acuity of patients with high myopic choroidal retinopathy was analyzed, among them, 28 patients had visual impairment and 13 were blind, and the population blindness rate was 0.28%. Conclusions: The prevalence of high myopia in people aged 18 and above in Chongqing is relatively high, and presents a younger trend. Age, gender, and education are the risk factors for high myopia. The diagnosis in high myopic choroidal retinopathy was consistent between AI and manual reading.
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Received: 07 June 2023
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| Fund:National Natural Science Foundation of China (82070976) |
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Corresponding Authors:
Xiyuan Zhou, Email: zhouxiyuan2002@aliyun.com
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