目的 研究姜黄素在三色豚鼠近视发展中的作用。方法 实验研究。将111只正常三色豚鼠（3周龄）随机分为正常给药组（N）和形觉剥夺组（FDM）两大组，每大组又分为空白对照组（N：n=13，FDM：n=12）、溶剂对照组（N：n=13，FDM：n=13）和姜黄素给药组（低剂量组15 µg；N：n=17，FDM：n=17；高剂量组150 µg；N：n=15，FDM：n=15）。其中溶剂对照组每天球旁注射二甲基亚枫（DMSO） 100 µl（10%），姜黄素给药组每天球旁注射相应剂量姜黄素100 µl。实验前、实验后2周和4周分别检测屈光度、眼轴等参数。实验2周后，采用Western Blot方法检测巩膜胶原蛋白表达量。屈光度、眼球相关参数组内双眼间比较采用配对t检验，组间比较采用单因素方差分析（Bonferroni校正）。结果 实验前，各组间的屈光度和眼轴等参数差异均无统计学意义。空白对照组和溶剂对照组的屈光度和眼轴等参数在实验前后各时间点差异也无统计学意义。注射4周后，姜黄素剂量依赖性诱导正常豚鼠产生近视 [N+DMSO组vs. N+15 µg组 vs. N+150 µg组：（-0.37±0.38）D vs. （-1.62±1.63）D vs. （-3.90±1.79）D，F=21.510，P＜0.001]，并伴有眼轴延长[N+DMSO组vs. N+15 µg组 vs. N+150 µg组：（0.01±0.03）mm vs. （0.04±0.05）mm vs. （0.07±0.06）mm，F=4.992，P=0.011]。同时姜黄素加剧了豚鼠形觉剥夺性近视 [FDM+DMSO组 vs. FDM+15 µg组 vs. FDM+150 µg组：（-7.81±3.24）D vs. （-8.99±3.12）D vs. （-10.93±1.96）D，F=4.425，P=0.018]，眼轴有相应延长，但差异无统计学意义。同时，姜黄素150 µg注射眼巩膜胶原蛋白Ⅰ的表达量下降（对侧眼vs.处理眼：0.33±0.08 vs. 0.18±0.03，t=-2.305，P=0.043）。结论 姜黄素能诱导正常豚鼠出现近视并加剧形觉剥夺性近视，其机制可能是通过降低巩膜内的胶原含量。
Objective To determined if curcumin affects refractive development and provides guidance for clinical application. Methods In this experimental study, 3-week-old pigmented guinea pigs were divided into two groups: normal control (N) and form deprivation myopia (FDM). In each group, the animals were sub-divided into control (N: n=13, FDM: n=12), vehicle-injected (10%DMSO, N: n=13, FDM: n=13), 15 µg/100 µl curcumin-injected [in 10%DMSO, (N: n=17, FDM: n=17)], or 150 µg/100 µl curcumin-injected [in 10%DMSO, (N: n=15, FDM: n=15)] subgroups. Curcumin dissolved in 100 µl vehicle (or vehicle alone) was administered monocularly by periocular injection into eyes of the designated groups daily. Refraction and axial parameters were measured before treatment and at 2 and 4 weeks after treatment. Scleral collagen Ⅰ was quantified by Western blots 2 weeks after treatment. Data between right and left eyes were analyzed using paired t-tests, and among different groups using one-way ANOVA. Results There was a dose-dependent myopic shift in refraction following daily periocular injection of curcumin. After 4 weeks, the refraction values for each group were as follows: N+DMSO [-0.37±0.38 diopter (D)] vs. N+15 µg curcumin (-1.62±1.63 D) vs. N+150 µg curcumin (-3.90±1.79 D) (F=21.510, P＜0.001). The axial length (AL) were similarly elongated in a dose-dependent manner: 0.01±0.03 mm vs. 0.04±0.05 mm vs. 0.07±0.06 mm respectively (F=4.992, P=0.011). In addition, after 4 weeks of curcumin treatment, there was a dose-dependent enhancement of FDM (FDM+DMSO vs. FDM+15 µg curcumin vs. FDM+150 µg curcumin: -7.81±3.24 D vs. -8.99±3.12 D vs. -10.93±1.96 D respectively, F=4.425, P=0.018). AL was similarly elongated in FDM eyes, but without significant differences. Furthermore, injection of 150 µg curcumin reduced scleral collagen Ⅰ expression (fellow eyes vs. treated eyes: 0.33±0.08 vs. 0.18±0.03, t=-2.305, P=0.043). Conclusion Periocular injection of curcumin induces myopia and enhances FDM in pigmented guinea pigs, probably by reducing expression of scleral collagen Ⅰ.
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