Objective: To analyze the incidence of complications associated with femtosecond laser-assisted phacoemulsification and to study the learning curve. Methods: In this retrospective analysis (December 2013 to May 2017), 242 patients (403 eyes) who underwent phacoemulsification with a femtosecond laser at the Cataract Department of Shanxi Eye Hospital participated in the study. These 403 eyes were divide into four groups (Group A, B, C, and D) according the surgery time. The Alcon LenSx femtosecond laser was used for the anterior capsular circular capsulotomy. The lens nucleus was prepared for chopping through a clear corneal incision. The patient was transferred to another operating room where cataract phacoemulsification was completed, and an intraocular lens implanted. Complications that occurred during the surgery were recorded. The Fisher exact test was used to compare the incidence of complications in each group. Results: Subconjunctival hemorrhage occurred in 115 eyes (28.5%), and contracted pupil occurred in 36 eyes (8.9%). Capsulorhexis incomplete or capsulorhexis partial center occurred in 41 eyes 10.2%), and intraoperative corneal incision production failed or abnormal position occurred in 44 eyes (10.9%). The incidence of complications was greater in Group A than Groups B, C, and D. Moreover, the incidence of complications in Groups B, C, and D tended to decline gradually and then become stabilized.Conclusions: During the first 100 cases, there was a significant learning curve associated with femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery. The incidence of various surgical complications could significantly be reduced by careful operation and improvement of surgical capability after the first 100 cases.