目的 测量灰兔不同部位巩膜厚度，了解巩膜部位与厚度变化关系，为经巩膜眼内给药实验研究提供诠释依据。方法 实验研究。49只（98眼）成年青紫蓝灰兔经麻醉后，安乐液处死，立即摘去眼球，随后放入1.25%戊二醛和1%多聚甲醛固定液固定，制成石蜡切片后行常规苏木精-伊红（HE）染色。经生物显微镜观察拍照后用图像分析软件测量从角巩膜缘部到视神经部的巩膜厚度。对测量结果采用广义估计方程（GEE）及Tukey′s HSD Post Hoc Test分析。结果 下半部分兔眼巩膜比上半部分巩膜薄，分别是（342.9±91.3）μm和（400.4±67.6）μm（x2=43.57，P<0.01，GEE）。上半部分巩膜厚度在赤道前后及后极部差异无统计学意义，平均为（366.8±56.3）μm。下半部分巩膜厚度在赤道前和赤道部为（340.9±72.5）μm和（340.8±76.3）μm，往后进一步变薄，赤道部后为（293.9±57.4）μm，后极部为（209.0±51.8）μm。上半部分和下半部分巩膜均在神经处最薄，分别为（273.5±90.5）μm和（187.7±60.1）μm，与其他部位相比，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05，Tukey′s HSD Post Hoc Test）。结论 兔眼巩膜上半部分比下半部分厚，从部位和厚度关系分析，厚度在角巩膜缘与赤道部之间变化较大，在赤道部和后极部之间变化较小。
Objective To measure the scleral thickness of the rabbit eye at different locations in the globe， providing a theoretical basis for advanced research in transscleral drug delivery. Methods In this experimental study， 98 eyes of 49 adult pigmented rabbits were sacrificed after deep anesthesia and the eyeballs were enucleated and fixed in 1% buffered formaldehyde and 1.25% glutaraldehyde for a minimum of 36 hours. The eyes were processed for routine paraffin embedding and sectioning. The sagittal sections at the optic nerve level were collected and used for scleral thickness study. The images were acquired at serial locations between the limbus and optic nerve and the thickness was measured with SPOT image software. The data were analyzed with generalized estimating equations（GEE） and Tukey′s HSD Post Hoc Test. Results In general， the mean scleral thickness of the inferior eye globe was significantly thinner than that of the superior globe （342.9±91.3 μm versus 400.4±67.6 μm， x2=43.57， P<0.01， GEE）. There were no significant differences in the scleral thickness from the pre-equator vicinity to the posterior pole， with a mean thickness of 366.8±56.3 μm at the superior globe. For the inferior globe， the mean scleral thickness at the pre-equator vicinity and at the equator was similar， 340.9±72.5 μm and 340.8±76.3 μm. However， scleral thickness decreased to 293.9±57.4 μm at the post-equator vicinity and to 209.0±51.8 μm at the posterior pole. The thinnest sclera was located immediately around the optic nerve， 273.5±90.5 μm for the superior and 187.7±60.1 μm for the inferior， compared to the other locations （P<0.05， Tukey′s HSD Post Hoc Test）. Conclusion Rabbit sclera is thinner than human sclera. In the rabbit eye globe， the superior sclera is significantly thicker than the inferior sclera and superior sclera is shorter and more uniform in thickness between the equator and the posterior pole. Scleral thickness has larger variations between the limbus and equator than the variations between the equator and the posterior pole.
李杰,兰碧菲,赵春晖,程凌云. 灰兔眼巩膜厚度测量[J]. 中华眼视光学与视觉科学杂志, 2013, 15(9): 551-557.
LI Jie,LAN Bi-fei,ZHAO Chun-hui,CHENG Ling-yun. Scleral thickness topography of the adult Chinchilla pigmented rabbit with implications for transscleral drug delivery research. Chinese Journal of Optometry Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 2013, 15(9): 551-557. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-845X.2013.09.010
Thrimawithana TR， Young S， Bunt CR， et al. Drug delivery to the posterior segment of the eye. Drug Discov Today，2011， 16：270-277.
[2]
Vemulakonda G， Hariprasad SM， Mieler WF， et al. Aqueous and vitreous concentrations following topical administration of 1% voriconazole in humans. Arch Ophthalmol，2008，126：18-22.
[3]
Teoh SC， Ou X， Lim TH. Intravitreal ganciclovir maintenance injection for cytomegalovirus retinitis： efficacy of a low-volume， intermediate-dose regimen. Ophthalmology，2012，119：588-595.
[4]
Karagiannis DA， Karampelas MD， Soumplis VM， et al. Recurrence of macular edema in retinal vein occlusions after treatment with intravitreal ranibizumab（Lucentis）. Can J Ophthalmol，2011，46：486-490.
[5]
Jonas JB， Spandau UH， Schlichtenbrede F. Short-term complications of intravitreal injections of triamcinolone and bevacizumab. Eye （Lond），2008，22：590-591.
[6]
Shima C， Sakaguchi H， Gomi F， et al. Complications in patients after intravitreal injection of bevacizumab. Acta Ophthalmol，2008，86：372-376.
Wu H， Chen TC. The effects of intravitreal ophthalmic medications on intraocular pressure. Semin Ophthalmol，2009， 24：100-105.
[9]
Cheng L， Hostetler KY， Lee J， et al. Characterization of a novel intraocular drug-delivery system using crystalline lipid antiviral prodrugs of ganciclovir and cyclic cidofovir. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci，2004，45：4138-4144.
[10]
Ambati J， Canakis CS， Miller JW， et al. Diffusion of high molecular weight compounds through sclera. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci，2000，41：1181-1185.
[11]
Cruysberg LP， Nuijts RM， Geroski DH， et al. In vitro human scleral permeability of fluorescein， dexamethasone-fluorescein， methotrexate-fluorescein and rhodamine 6G and the use of a coated coil as a new drug delivery system. J Ocul Pharmacol ther，2002，18：559-569.
[12]
Olsen TW， Sanderson S， Feng X， et al. Porcine sclera： thickness and surface area. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci，2002， 43：2529-2532.
[13]
Gilger BC， Reeves KA， Salmon JH. Ocular parameters related to drug delivery in the canine and equine eye： aqueous and vitreous humor volume and scleral surface area and thickness. Vet Ophthalmol，2005，8：265-269.
[14]
Ambati J， Gragoudas ES， Miller JW， et al. Transscleral delivery of bioactive protein to the choroid and retina. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci，2000，41：1186-1191.
[15]
Nan K， Sun S， Li Y， et al. Characterisation of systemic and ocular drug level of triamcinolone acetonide following a single sub-Tenon injection. Br J Ophthalmol，2010，94：654-658.
[16]
Toda J， Fukushima H， Kato S. Injection of triamcinolone acetonide into the posterior sub-tenon capsule for treatment of diabetic macular edema. Retina，2007，27：764.
[17]
Robinson MR， Lee SS， Kim H， et al. A rabbit model for assessing the ocular barriers to the transscleral delivery of triamcinolone acetonide. Exp Eye Res，2006，82：479-487.
[18]
Olsen TW， Aaberg SY， Geroski DH， et al. Human sclera： thickness and surface area. Am J Ophthalmol，1998，125：237-241.
[19]
Olsen TW， Edelhauser HF， Lim JI， et al. Human scleral permeability. Effects of age， cryotherapy， transscleral diode laser， and surgical thinning. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci，1995， 36：1893-1903.
[20]
Margo CE，Lee A. Fixation of whole eyes： the role of fixative osmolarity in the production of tissue artifact. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol，1995，233：366-370.
[21]
Lam A， Sambursky RP， Maguire JI. Measurement of scleral thickness in uveal effusion syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol，2005， 140：329-331.
Norman RE， Flanagan JG， Rausch SM， et al. Dimensions of the human sclera： thickness measurement and regional changes with axial length. Exp Eye Res，2010，90：277-284.
[24]
Kawashima T， Nagai N， Kaji H， et al. A scalable controlled-release device for transscleral drug delivery to the retina. Biomaterials，2011，32：1950-1956.
[25]
Carcaboso AM， Chiappetta DA， Opezzo JA， et al. Episcleral implants for topotecan delivery to the posterior segment of the eye. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci，2010，51：2126-2134.
[26]
Lee SJ， Kim ES， Geroski DH， et al. Pharmacokinetics of intraocular drug delivery of Oregon green 488-labeled triamcinolone by subtenon injection using ocular fluorophotometry in rabbit eyes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci，2008，49：4506-4514.
[27]
Shen L， You Y， Sun S， et al. Intraocular and systemic pharmacokinetics of triamcinolone acetonide after a single 40-mg posterior subtenon application. Ophthalmology，2010，117：2365-2371.
浙公网安备 33030202001892号