Objective To compare the primary screen differential expression of microRNAs in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy （TAO） groups and a control group with partial immunopathogenesis. Methods Experimental study. Patients were divided into 3 groups： a silent TAO group （3 samples）， an acute TAO group （3 samples） and a control group （3 samples）. After all microRNAs were extracted from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells （PBMC） of each sample， the next generation sequence （NGS） was examined and used to establish the microRNA profile. The differential expression of microRNA was found by comparing the silent TAO group vs. the control group and the acute TAO group vs. the control group. MicroRNAs were expressed differently in the groups. Then quantitative real-time PCR （qrt-PCR） was used to verify those differences in another 5 samples from each group. Results Compared to the control group， 18 microRNAs in the silent TAO group and 31 in the acute TAO group were sorted out by setting a criterion of P<0.05 and a fold change （fc）>2. There were 4 microRNAs （miR-19a-5p， miR-30c-2-3p， miR-548c-5p， miR-6718-5p） in common between the two comparisons. The up-regulation trends of those 4 microRNAs verified by qrt-PCR were in line with the results of the microRNA-seq. Conclusion Differential expressed microRNAs in PBMC could be novel biomarkers for detection of TAO in humans and some may play a key role in the immunopathogenesis of TAO.
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