Objective To compare and to analyze the distribution characteristics of binocular peripheral refraction in myopic patients without anisometropia. Methods This was a self-controlled study. One hundred fifty-three myopic adults who consented to undergo laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) were enrolled in the study. The Grand Seiko WAM5500 infrared auto-refractor was used to measure cycloplegic autorefraction at 0° in the central fovea of the retina, and at eccentricities of 15°, 30° and 45° in the temporal and nasal visual fields. Data of the peripheral refraction in patients without anisometropia were recorded. Data were analyzed with a paired t test. Results There were no significant differences in binocular refraction in areas located at 0°, and at eccentricities of 15°, 30° and 45° from the fovea in the temporal and nasal areas of the right and left eyes of myopic patients without anisometropia (P>0.05). Refraction in areas located at eccentricities of 15°, 30° and 45° from the fovea in the temporal and nasal areas were compared in one eye and there were significant differences between sphere and spherical equivalent (SE) in areas located at an eccentricity of 15° from the fovea in temporal and nasal areas (right eyes: t=5.31, 4.51, P<0.05; left eyes: t=3.39, 2.54, P<0.05). Astigmatism at an eccentricity of 45° in the temporal area was greater than at a 45° eccentricity in the nasal area (t=4.95, 3.74, P<0.05). However, there were no significant differences in other corresponding areas (P>0.05). There were no significant differences between peripheral refraction at 15° on the nasal retina and at the 0° location (P>0.05), but there were significant differences between other parts of the retina and at the 0° location (t=2.32~8.70, P<0.05). In the periphery, sphere and SE were hyperopic defocused with a significant increase in astigmatism. Conclusion The distribution of peripheral refraction in corresponding areas is bilaterally symmetric in myopic patients without anisometropia. The temporal retina of the paracentral area has a hyperopic defocus. In peripheral areas, the degree of hyperopic defocus increases, and astigmatism on the temporal retina is greater than that on the nasal retina.