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Abstract Objective To analyze the relationship between the changes in refractive error with and without cycloplegia and oculomotor functions in schoolchildren 6～15 years of age.Methods One hundred fifty eyes of 75 young patients were included in this cross-sectional study.Refractive error was measured with a phoropter before and after cycloplegia induced with the compound tropicamide.Negative relative accommodation (NRA),positive relative accommodation (PRA),BCC and AC/A were measured with a phoropter before cycloplegia.Children were grouped according to changes in their refractive error with and without cycloplegia:a change in sphere or cylinder not less than 0.5 D was the changed group,28 children (56 eyes); a change in sphere or cylinder not more than 0.25 D was the no change group,46 children (92 eyes).A Mann-Whitney U test,x2 test,Spearman correlation analysis and independent t test were used to analyze the data.Results Noncycloplegic measurements of spheres were consistently more negative in the no change group with a median of-2.50 D than in the changed group,-1.75 D (Z=-3.328,P＜0.01).The mean NRAs were 2.27±0.33 D and 1.72±0.48 D in the no change group and changed group,respectively.There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (t=-5.409,P＜0.01).The mean BCCs were 0.31±0.46 D and-0.09±0.60 D in the no change group and changed group,respectively (t=-3.295,P＜0.01).The mean PRAs were-1.63±0.76 D and-2.14±1.35 D in the no change group and changed group,respectively.Although there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups,PRA was larger in the changed group than in the no change group.There were no statistically significant differences for age,sex,cylinders or AC/A between the two groups.The changes in equivalent spheres before and after cycloplegia were smaller with an increase in NRA (r=-0.393,P＜0.01).Conclusion The changes in refractive error with and without cycloplegia were not correlated with age,sex,cylinders or AC/A in schoolchildren 6～15 years of age.However,it is negatively correlated with NRA.
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