Objective To evaluate the role that confocal microscopy could play in post- laser in situ keratomileusis （LASIK） examinations. Methods Twenty-seven patients （54 eyes） who had LASIK surgery in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were included in this cross-sectional study. Patients were divided into 2 groups （6-month group and 1-year group） based on the post-LASIK follow-up. Confocal microscopy was used to observe the regeneration of corneal nerves that could then be analyzed by ACCMetrics software using quantitative parameters （e.g.， corneal nerve fiber length， density， nerve branch density， tortuosity and reflectivity of nerve fiber） before undergoing comparisons between the 2 groups. Confocal microscopy could also provide a general idea about the healing of the corneal flap and changes in keratocytes. The quantitative data of the 2 groups was compared using an independent samples t test. Results The values of corneal nerve fiber length， density， nerve branch density， and grading scores of nerve fiber tortuosity and reflectivity in patients from the 1-year group were all higher than those from the 6-month group （t=7.246， 5.335， 3.789， 3.808， 2.825， P<0.01）， and confocal microscopy revealed a clear-cut corneal flap edge in patients who had FS-LASIK surgery. For the 2 patients whose post-LASIK visual acuity did not reach 1.0， confocal microscopy also help to identify some abnormalities in corneal structure that might have contributed to the condition. Conclusion The use of confocal microscopy revealed that central corneal nerves were in a regenerative state within 1 year post-LASIK， with their density and morphological features undergoing significant changes. Besides， confocal microscopy could also assess corneal micro-structural changes at a cellular level， thus promoting the diagnosis and treatment of post-LASIK complications.