Abstract：Glutamate is the most prevalent excitatory neurotransmitter that exists in the visual pathway. The NO-cGMP signaling pathway is a classic signaling pathway that transfers intercellular and intracellular information, regulates cellular function and is closely related to retinal visual signal transfers. It is known that glutamate and its receptors affect the occurrence and development of myopia through the regulation of the NO-cGMP signaling pathway. The protein and mRNA expression levels of NMDAR1 in guinea pig eyes with form deprivation myopia significantly increased, with an increase in the mRNA of ncNOS and cGMP content. NMDA1 receptor antagonist MK801 injected into the vitreous cavity can inhibit the up regulation effect, which could slow down the excessive growth of axial length and inhibit myopia. In this paper, we review the mechanisms of the regulation of glutamate receptors and the NO-cGMP signaling pathway in myopia, which provide an insight into the pathogenesis of myopia and clinical ideas for the effective prevention and treatment of myopia.
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