Objective: To observe the safety and efficacy of the vitreous cavity injection of compaq for the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Methods: This was a retrospective case study. Twenty-six children (52 eyes) with acute posterior premature retinopathy (AP-ROP), threshold ROP or pre-threshold ROP were diagnosed by ROP screening in Zhengzhou Second People's Hospital and Dengfeng Maternal and Child Health Hospital from February 2015 to May 2016. Seventeen cases (34 eyes) of level Ⅰ lesions and 9 cases (18 eyes) of level Ⅱ lesions were found. All the children were injected with 10 mg/ml of compaq 0.025 ml (25 mg) into the vitreous chamber within 24 h of the diagnosis. The follow-up time was 21-49 weeks with a mean follow-up time of 31.2±12.5 weeks. If there was a disease relapse or no response to treatment with compaq, patients were treated with a repeated compaq injection or laser photo-coagulation. The changes in the retinal vessels of the children were followed and adverse events of the eye or body were monitored. Results: In the 52 eyes, a total of 46 eyes had completerecedingdue toasingle dose of compaq, accounting for 88%. The lesion disappeared completely and the retinal vessels developed to level Ⅲ. Two eyes were treated with a repeated compaq injection (4%) and 4 eyes were treated with supplementary laser photocoagulation (8%). Among these, three eyes were treated with recurrent vitrectomy, accounting for 6% of all eyes. In these eyes, the fibroproliferative membrane continued to aggravate, retinal detachment occurred, the retina completely resetin 2 eyes, and there was a partial reposition of the retina inone eye. This one eye had AP-ROP. Two eyes had threshold ROP with lesions at level Ⅱ. Recurrence times were 10-17 weeks with anaverage recurrence time of 13.2±1.8 weeks. No adverse reactions were observed during the follow-up period. Conclusions: Intraocular injection of compaq is safe and effective in the treatment of children with ROP. Surgery combined with laser photocoagulation is necessary for some unresponsive patients.