Abstract：Independently photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) are the third type of photoreceptor cells besides cones and rod cells, located in the inner retina. They contain melanopsin and have the unique ability to respond to light directly. Pupilary light reflex (PLR) is mainly mediated by ipRGCs. IpRGCs can generate PLR by directly sensing light signals from melanopsin, and can also be activated by signals from rods and cones. Because different photoreceptors play unique roles in PLR, light signals of different intensities and wavelengths can be used to selectively stimulate rods, cones, and melanopsin. Analysis of the generated PLR can indirectly reflect the functions of rods, cones, and ipRGCs containing melanopsin. This method is called chromatic pupillometry. This article reviews the pathways of ipRGCs-mediated PLR, the characteristics of PLR mediated by rod/cone cells and melanopsin, the measurement of chromatic pupillometry and their clinical applications, hoping to provide new ideas for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of related ophthalmic diseases.
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