Objective: To measure the restoration of dynamic visual acuity (DVA) after phacoemulsification and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. Methods: In this prospective cohort study, 23 cases of age-related cataract (46 eyes) were recruited from May 2012 to August 2013. The control group comprised 26 elder
volunteers (52 eyes) with clear crystalline lenses. Binocular DVA at speeds of 15, 30, 60, and 90 degrees per second (dps) was measured by logarithmic visual acuity chart at baseline and 1 month postoperatively. Binocular contrast sensitivity (CS) at 1.5, 3, 6, 12, and 18 cycles per degree (cpd) was tested under photopic conditions. Comparisons between groups were made with Wilcoxon signed ranks tests, paired t-tests, or Mann-Whitney U tests. Pearson correlation analysis was used to detect the correlation between DVA andCS. Results: Preoperative DVA at 15, 30, 60, and 90 dps was significantly lower in the cataract group than in the control group (Z=-5.692, -5.601, -5.639, -5.556; P<0.001 each). Postoperatively, DVA at the four speeds improved significantly (Z=-4.110, -4.109, -4.110, -4.110; P<0.001 each), which was comparable to the control group at each speed. Compared with static visual acuity (SVA), the improvements of DVA at 15, 30, 60, and 90 dps were significant (t=-3.596, -5.304, -6.220, -6.170; P<0.01 each). Improvements of SVA and DVA at all speed levels correlated with improvements of CS at low spatial frequency (rSVA-1.5 cpd=0.780, rSVA-3 cpd=0.839, r15 dps-1.5 cpd=0.746, r15 dps-3 cpd=0.692, r30 dps-1.5 cpd=0.775, r30 dps-3 cpd=0.719, r60 dps-1.5 cpd=0.718, r60 dps-3 cpd=0.590, r90 dps-1.5 cpd=0.636, r90 dps-3 cpd=0.561; P<0.01).
Improvements of DVA at 30 and 60 dps correlated with improvements of CS at medium spatial frequency (r30 dps-12 cpd=0.537, r60 dps-12 cpd=0.554; P<0.01). Improvements of DVA at 90 dps correlated with improvements of CS at medium to high spatial frequency (r90 dps-12 cpd=0.562, r90 dps-18 cpd=0.542; P<0.01). Conclusions: Cataract surgery effectively restored DVA in age-related cataract patients. There were significant correlations between clinical outcomes in DVA and CS based on temporal-spatial frequency.
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