Objective: In a cohort of prematurely born children in the province of Hubei, China, we investigated the dioptric range in 0 - 6 year-old with premature ametropia to provide the basis for clinical diagnosis and therapy. Methods: Follow-up visits were conducted in 1 505 premature infants without retinopathy of prematurity in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from May 2016 to May 2017 in this case serial study.Refraction was measured by cycloplegic retinoscopy. According to the correct gestational age groups, the P 50 reference and 75% reference ranges of the spherical diopters and cylindrical lens diopters were obtained respectively. The spherical and cylindrical lens diopters of children at the current ages of 0-0.5, 0.5-1, 1-2,2-3, 3-4, 4-5, and 5-6 years and with birth weights <1.5 kg and ≥1.5 kg were compared by the rank-sum tests. results: The age-related spherical diopter (D) reference values were as follows: 0-0.5 year, +2.02 D; 0.5-1 year, +1.87 D; 1-2 years, +1.60 D. The corresponding absolute reference values of the cylindrical lens were as follows: 2.54 D, 2.29 D, 2.14 D. With increasing age, the spherical diopter diminished (P<0.05),and in 5-6 year-old preterm infants, the process of becoming emmetropic was essentially completed. With increasing age, the cylindrical diopter decreased from age 0 to 3 years (P<0.05). After 3 years, it began to stabilize. For 0-0.5 year old and 1-6 years old age group, premature infants with birth weights <1.5 kg,the spherical diopter was smaller than for those with birth weights ≥1.5 kg (P<0.05), and they had early hyperopia that increased after birth (P<0.05). The hyperopia then gradually diminished, and the eyes were emmetropic by 4-5 years. For premature infants whose gestational age < 32 weeks, the spherical diopter was smaller than for those with gestational age ≥32 weeks. For premature infants whose birth weight <1.5 kg, the cylinder diopter was higher than for those with birth weight ≥1.5 kg (P<0.05), whose gestational age < 32 weeks, the cylindrical diopter was higher than for those with gestational age ≥32 weeks(P<0.05). conclusions: With increasing age, the hyperopia of premature infants gradually decreased. Preterm infants between 5 and 6 years old had essentially completed the emmetropization process. Astigmatism in preterm infants at 0-3 years gradually decreased with age and tended to be stable at age 3 years. Birth weight and gestational age are important influencing factors for the vision of premature infants.