Abstract：Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a common diabetic complication, predominantly affecting the capillaries in the retina, is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. Currently, fluorescein angiography (FFA) has been the gold standard for vascular imaging of DR. Recent advances in optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) enable a rapidly evolving technique that provides a fast, safe assessment of retinal microvascular flow. OCTA visualizes the retinal microvasculature with higher contrast and better resolution than FFA. OCTA, producing high-quality images, is a novel imaging tool which allows the visualization of features associated with DR, including microaneurysms and neovascularization and the quantification of alterations in retinal capillary and choriocapillaris. Therefore, OCTA as a quantitative and objective technique has promising application in the field of DR classification. Nevertheless, OCTA has several limitations that need to be addressed. This paper reviewed manifestations and limitations of OCTA in different stages of DR.
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