Objective To use the Pentacam HR anterior segment analyzer to measure the anterior corneal Q values in different regions of the adult eye and analyze its characteristics with different refractive statuses. Methods A cross-sectional study of 230 adults was conducted. From June 2011 to February 2012， 200 myopic adults and 30 emmetropic adults were selected from the Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College. The myopic patients were grouped by the magnitude of the spherical equivalent （SE） refractive error of the right eye： Emmetropia （30）， low myopia （52）， moderate myopia （58）， high myopia （57） and ultra high myopia （33）. A Pentacam was used to measure the corneal anterior Q values of the nasal， temporal， inferior and superior semi-meridians in 6 mm， 7 mm， 8 mm， and 9 mm diameters， the horizontal and vertical meridian Q values， and the mean Q values in an 8 mm diameter to compare corneal asphericity in different groups. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and paired t test. Results The vertical meridian curvature trend was faster than the horizontal meridian and the difference was statistically significant （t=3.421， P<0.01）. Temporal semi-meridian Q values of the corneal anterior surface were statistically significant for the different groups （F=5.225， P<0.01）. The Q values of the emmetropic group were significantly different from the other groups except for the low myopia group. The difference between the temporal and nasal semi-meridian Q values for the different diameters was statistically significant （F=3.712， 3.488， 2.668， 4.315； P<0.05）. The difference was larger in the emmetropic group than in the other groups and decreased with the degree of myopia. Conclusion There are differences in corneal Q values in different regions and refractive status affects these differences. The differences between individuals will affect the individual peripheral refractive state and ultimately affect the quality of the image on the retina. Customized ablation surgery should therefore take the meridian asymmetry of the cornea into consideration.