Objective To compare changes of visual quality index that before and after 90 minutes′s visual task under three kinds of different color temperature lighting environment, to explore the relationship between visual fatigue and human wave-front aberration. Methods This research study included 94 adults and divided into 3 groups [4 000 K (37 cases), 5 000 K (27 cases) and 6 500 K (30 cases)] to underwent visual task, wave-front aberration before and after the visual task were tested and recorded. Visual fatigue score were tested after visual task. Data were analyzed using ANOVA. Results The changes of modulation transfer function (MTF) was minimum under 5 000 K color temperature lighting environment, corresponding visual fatigue score was lowest, the differences were significant with the other two groups (P<0.05). No significant difference of 3rd-7th higher order aberrations were found between the three group. The changes of vertical coma aberration under 6 500 K color temperature lighting environment were negative, and differences were significant compared with 5 000 K and 4 000 K groups (P<0.05). Conclusion Under 5 000 K color temperature lighting environment, human eyes feel most comfortable. MTF and vertical coma aberration could reflect human visual quality status effectively.