Diplopia is the common clinical manifestation of orbital diseases,which seriously impairs patients' quality of life.It occurs in many kinds of conditions,including orbital fractures,thyroid associated ophthalmopathy and lesions in extraocular muscles.The article recommended the pathogenesis,diagnostic methods and surgical indications of diplopia evoked by orbital fractures.The extraocular muscles could be involved in thyroid associated ophthalmopathy.Diplopia occurred in the active or inactive stage has different treatment protocols.The lesions in extraocular muscles include idiopathetic inflammation,parasitic cyst and varied benign or malignant tumors.The suitable treatment with accurate pathologic results could reduce diplopia efficiently.