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Chinese Journal of Optometry Ophthalmology and Visual science
 
2022 Vol.24 Issue.8
Published 2022-08-25
Orignal Article
Case Report
Review
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2022 Vol. 24 (8): 0- [Abstract] ( 167 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2345KB] ( 3543 )
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2022 Vol. 24 (8): 0- [Abstract] ( 167 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4314KB] ( 3579 )
561 The Distribution and Expression of 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 in Rat Eyes of Different Ages
Xin'an Chen 1, Yong Lin 2, Juxiu Ye
Objective: To observe the distribution and expressive changes of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) in different age’s rat eyes. Methods: In this experimental research, according to age, SD rats were divided into 6 groups with 6 subjects in each: postnatal days 1-2 (PND1) group, postnatal days 5-6(PND5) group, postnatal days 10-11 (PND10) group, postnatal days 14-15 (PND15) group, postnatal days 20-21 (PND20) group, and 8-9 weeks mature adults rats (M) group. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay was used to detect the distribution of 11β-HSD1 protein in the eyes of SD rats at different developmental stages from neonatal, postnatal eyelid opening to mature adult, and the expressions of 11β-HSD1 mRNA and protein levels in the retina or cornea were further verified by real time RT-PCR and Western blot. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA or independent sample t-test. Results: 11β-HSD1 protein was widely expressed in such as cornea, iris, retina, choroid, lens, ciliary body of the different age’s rat eyes by IHC staining, and there was more 11β-HSD1 positive cells in neonatal rat eyes. Real time RT-PCR showed that the relative expression of mRNA of 11β-HSD1 peaked at postnatal days 10 in the cornea and decrease gradually after eyelid opening of SD rats (F=8.40, P<0.001); the relative expression of 11β-HSD1 mRNA in the retina of SD rats before eyelid opening was significantly higher than that of eyelid opening rats and adult rats (F=83.50, P<0.001). It was confirmed the relative expression of 11β-HSD1 protein was significantly higher in the retina of neonatal rats than that of eyelid opening rats and mature adult rats by western blot (t=4.76, P=0.009; t=4.24, P=0.013). Conclusion: 11β-HSD1 is widely distributed in SD rat eyes of different ages. The level of 11β-HSD1 expression varies in different age groups. It tends to be higher in eyes of SD rat before eyelid opening. The study suggests that 11β-HSD1 may play an important role in the differentiation, development and maturation of the SD rat eyes.

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2022 Vol. 24 (8): 561-567 [Abstract] ( 216 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 5387KB] ( 3755 )
Orignal Article
568 An Investigation on Factors Considered as Triggers for the Attacks in Patients with Posner-Schlossman Syndrome in Wenzhou
Chuanqi Lin 1, Chaoqun Guo 1, Ruixue Liang 1, et al
Objective: To investigate the factors considered as triggers and for the attacks in patients with Posner- Schlossman syndrome (PSS) in Wenzhou. Methods: In this cross-sectional investigation study, we recruited 172 PSS patients from January 2017 to December 2020 in the Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University. The demographic and behavioral characteristics of all were collected by questionnaires and scales, including the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory-20 (MFI-20), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Frequency was used to describe the factors. The differences between PSS patients and the norm were compared by the summary t-test, and Chi-square test, independent sample t-test, or nonparametric test were used to compare the differences between different gender and age groups. Pearson or Spearman correlation was used to analyze the correlation between the scale score and gender, age, and period. Results: 172 questionnaires were returned for a response rate of 100%. 171 questionnaires were returned effectively for an effective rate of 99.4%. The top ten factors were fatigue (51.5%), staying up late (35.7%), anxiety (30.4%), insomnia (21.6%), cold (15.8%), gastrointestinal discomfort (12.9%), allergy (10.5%), menstruation (9.9%), mental stress (5.3%) and consumption of alcohol (5.3%). 55.0% of patients reported at least 2 factors considered as triggers. 26.3% reported no obvious triggers. 18.1% screened positive for anxiety with the SAS standard scored 50 or more. 48.0% screened positive for sleeping disorders of PSQI scored more than 5. The proportion of patients who went to bed later than 23:00 was higher during the attack period than those during the remission periods (34.1% vs. 18.6%, χ 2=5.30, P=0.021). Conclusions: Fatigue, sleeping disorders (including staying up late and insomnia), and anxiety were the primary common triggers for PSS attack. Staying up late (going to bed later than 23 o'clock) was associated with single attack. Improving lifestyle and relieving the pressure in healthy ways could be one of the strategies to reduce the recurrence rate.

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2022 Vol. 24 (8): 568-576 [Abstract] ( 222 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 6261KB] ( 3723 )
577 Effect of Silicone Band Partly Loop Myopexy in the Treatment of Severe Myopic Strabismus Fixus
Changmei Guo, Guiou Zhang, Lu Zhang,et al
Objective: To investigate the safety and efficacy of silicone band partly loop myopexy combined with medial rectus recession in the treatment of severe myopic strabismus fixus (MSF). Methods: Retrospective analysis of 8 patients (12 eyes) with severe MSF who underwent monocular or binocular silicone band partly loop myopexy to unite the temporal 1/2 of superior rectus muscle and superior 1/2 of lateral rectus muscle, meanwhile combined with medial rectus recession in the Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University from March 2017 to April 2021. The age ranged from 30 to 80 years, with an average of 53.8±15.6 years. The spherical equivalent was -26.0--13.50 diopter (D),with an average of -20.41±4.12 D. The axial length measured by B-ultrasound was 26.34-35.30 mm, with an average of 30.16±2.51 mm. The postoperative follow-up was 6 months to 3 years. The esotropia, hypotropia, limitation of abduction and elevation, and the change of angle of globe dislocation (AGD) were analyzed before and after operation. The data differences were compared and analyzed by paired t test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: After surgery, the mean of esotropia decreased from +101±13 PD to +3± 5 PD. hypotropia decreased from 30 (25, 34)PD to 0 (0, 0)PD. Mean abduction limitation decreased from -5 (-5, -5) to -2 (-3, -1), and mean limitation of elevation decreased from -5 (-5, -5) to -2 (-2, -2). These were statistically significant differences (P<0.01). Both the preoperative and postoperative imaging data of 8 eyes of 5 patients were available. The mean AGD decreased from 185°±28° before operation to 121°±19° after operation (t=8.96, P<0.001). There were 3 patients with compensatory head position before surgery, and the head position significantly reduced or disappeared after surgery. Three patients had foreign body sensation in the eyes after surgery which disappeared 3 weeks later. Conclusion: Silicone band partly loop myopexy to unite 1/2 superior rectus and 1/2 lateral rectus combined with medial rectus recession, is a safe and effective operation for severe MSF, which can obviously correct serious ocular deviation and improve ocular motility.

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2022 Vol. 24 (8): 577-584 [Abstract] ( 219 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 5552KB] ( 3741 )
585 Early Post-Operative Rehabilitation of Binocular Function and Its Influencing Factors in Children with Intermittent Exotropia
Min Zhang 1, 2, Chunxiao Wang 2, Huanyun Yu 2,et al
Objective: To investigate the early rehabilitation of binocular function and its influencing factors in children with intermittent exotropia (IXT) after successful correction of exo-deviation. Methods: This is a prospective clinical study. One hundred and seventy-seven IXT patients (age, 7-14 years) with one-month postoperative successful correction exo-deviation were enrolled from July 2019 to July 2020 in Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University. We used paired t test, Pearson correlation test and multiple linear regression test to evaluate the eye position and binocular function parameters at 1 month after operation and analyze the correlation between the binocular function parameters and their preoperative clinical characteristics. Results: All of the patients met the criteria of successful exodeviation correction, which was significantly different from that before operation (distant fixation: -2.80 Δ±3.96 Δ vs.-33.67 Δ±9.17 Δ, t=-41.83, P<0.001; near fixation: -4.05 Δ±4.68 Δ vs.-38.50 Δ±9.09 Δ, t=-44.27, P<0.001). The differences in distance and near stereopsis before and after surgery were statistically significant (2.59±0.38 vs.2.80±0.25, t=7.30, P<0.001; 2.19±0.36 vs.2.36±0.44, t=5.68, P<0.001, respectively). Only 16.4% and 22.0% of the patients obtained normal distance and near stereopsis. The sensory fusion was siginficantly improved at distance (χ 2=8.08, P=0.004), while not at near. There was positive correlation between stereopsis and preoperative characteristic parameters, such as the operation age, anisometropia and preoperative distance and near stereopsis (distance stereopsis: r=0.15, P=0.043; r=0.19, P=0.012; r=0.28, P<0.001; r=0.22, P=0.004 respectively; near stereopsis: r=0.23, P=0.002; r=0.34, P<0.001; r=0.15, P=0.043; r=0.49, P<0.001, respectively). Conclusions: The binocular function, such as stereopsis and sensory fusion were obtained significantly rehabilitation at one-month postoperative. Early postoperative stereopsis was correlated with age, anisometropia and preoperative stereopsis.

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2022 Vol. 24 (8): 585-591 [Abstract] ( 197 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4542KB] ( 3858 )
592 Clinical Features and Surgical Effectiveness Assessment of Acute Concomitant Esotropia
Jun Zhang 1,2, Huang'en Li 2, Hongbin Dai 2, et al
Objective: To analyze the clinical features, surgical approach and treatment effect of 101 patients with acute concomitant esotropia. Methods: One hundred and one patients with acute concomitant esotropia admitted to Aier Eye Hospital of Wuhan from November 2018 to November 2020 were included in this retrospective case study, including 71 males and 30 females, ranging in age from 5 to 76 years old, with an average age of (20.7±11.3) years old. Clinical data were collected, including basic patient data, eye condition, and cranial imaging, and paired t test was used to compare the nearsighted and far-sighted strabismus. χ 2 test was used to analyze the differences of refractive states in patients of different ages and genders. Results: Among the 101 patients, 81 cases were myopia and 19 cases were hyperopia. The age group under 12 years old mainly had hyperopia, the age group 12 to 30 years old mainly had moderate to high myopia, and the age group above 30 years old mainly had low to moderate myopia. Among them, 71 (70.3%) were aged from 12 to 30 years. Among them, there are 63 students, and 46.5% of them use their eyes at close range for more than 8 hours. There were 81 cases of myopia and 19 cases of hyperopia in all patients. Hyperopia was predominant in the age group below 12 years old, medium and high myopia in the age group from 12 to 30 years old, and low and moderate myopia in the age group above 30 years old. The near strabismus of naked eye (+42.0±18.3) ? and the far strabismus of naked eye (+43.7±17.2) ? were higher than that of near strabismus (t=2.82, P=0.011). The degree of nearsighted strabismus with mirror (+41.6±18.6) ? and the degree of far-sighted strabismus with mirror (+43.2±17.7) ? were higher than that with mirror (t=2.61, P=0.007). Among all patients when seen with naked eyes and with glasses, the proportion of distal strabismus greater than proximal strabismus is 24.8%, the proportion of proximal strabismus greater than distal strabismus is 7.9%. The average distance from the medial rectus muscle insertion to the corneal limbus in 83 cases was 4.74 mm, which was less than the normal value of 5.50 mm. The most commonly used surgical method in this study was external rectus shortening and internal rectus retromigration. All patients had a successful operation, and the mean strabismus of patients after surgery was 0 ?. Conclusions: Most of the patients with acute congenital esotropia are teenagers and young people in their 20 years old, which may be related to the prolonged use of the eyes at close range. Patients with different refractive states may develop acute concomitant esotropia. Acute concomitant esotropia may be accompanied by neurological lesions and anatomic abnormalities such as medical rectus insertion. In patients with acute concomitant esotropia, the proportion of distal strabismus greater than proximal strabismus was higher than proximal strabismus greater than distal strabismus when seen with naked eyes and with glasses. The patients treated with medial rectus recession and lateral rectus resection had good postoperative results.

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2022 Vol. 24 (8): 592-597 [Abstract] ( 198 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3932KB] ( 3662 )
598 Preliminary Application of an Automated Acuity Detection System in Infant Visual Acuity Evaluation
Jing Wen 1, Xiaoqing Li 1, Bikun Yang 2,et al
Objective: To explore the application of the automated acuity card procedure (AACP) developed by the Peking University First Hospital, the School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science and the School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences of Peking University. Methods: Prospective clinical study. From February 2018 to October 2021, using the AACP jointly developed by multiple colleges and departments of Peking University, children aged 5 months to 6 years old were tested automatically, and the Teller Acuity Card II (TAC-II) was used for manual detection at the same time. The results of the two tests were compared. The Wilcoxon sign rank test, Spearman rank correlation, and Bland-Altman plots were used to compare the differentiation, correlation and consistency between AACP and TAC- II. Results: All 33 children (66 eyes) aged 3-6 years completed the binocular visual acuity test of AACP and TAC-II. Among them, 30 children (54 eyes) completed the monocular visual acuity test of AACP and TAC-II. The completion rate of the binocular visual acuity test was 100%, and the completion rate of the monocular visual acuity test was 90.0%. Among 194 infants (388 eyes) aged 5-30 months, 141 infants (282 eyes) completed the binocular visual acuity test of the two methods and obtained effective data, with a completion rate of 72.7%. The AACP of 33 children aged 3-6 years was positively correlated with TAC- II binocular visual acuity and monocular visual acuity (r=0.40, P=0.021; r=0.55, P<0.001). There was a strong correlation between AACP and TAC-II binocular vision in 141 infants aged 5-30 months (r=0.88, P<0.001), and the correlation coefficient was higher than that of children aged 3-6 years, the Bland-Altman test showed 90.8 % points were all within the consistent range. There was a significant positive correlation between AACP and TAC-II visual acuity between different months of age (r=0.82-0.94, all P<0.05), and there was a statistically significant difference in AACP visual acuity between different months of age (H=32.02, P<0.001), with a trend that increased with age. Conclusion: There was a positive correlation between the visual acuity results obtained by the AACP and the TAC-II, especially with better results in young infants. The AACP is expected to become a useful tool suitable for clinical grating acuity evaluation and infant vision screening.

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2022 Vol. 24 (8): 598-604 [Abstract] ( 208 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4470KB] ( 3813 )
605 Correlation between Differences of Central and Peripheral Corneal Thickness and Corneal Biomechanics
Jing Li 1, Ying Xiong 1, Jianying Liu 1, et al
Objective: To investigate the effect of the thickness difference between central and peripheral cornea on the biomechanical properties of cornea. Methods: In this retrospective case series study, population ata measured in Handan Eye Hospital in Handan Eye Study from October 2006 to October 2007 were reviewed, 336 eyes were included. Orbscan II was used to measure the central corneal thickness (CCT), the thinnest point of cornea (TCP) and the corneal thickness of temporal, upper, nasal and lower parts at 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 mm; the corneal thickness index (CTI), which reflects the difference between the central and peripheral thicknesses of the cornea, was obtained by calculating the ratio of the corneal thickness to the central thickness in the average 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 mm area. Corneal hysteresis (CH) and corneal resistance factor (CRF) were measured by ocular response analyzer (ORA); Pearson or Spearman correlation were used to analyze the correlation between CH、CRF and corneal thickness and age. Independent sample t-test was used to determine the difference of CH and CRF between the two groups of which the 7 mm CTI is located at the maximum 5% and minimum 5% at both ends of the overall distribution. Results: There was a negative correlation between 4, 5, 6, 7 mm corneal thickness and age (r=-0.15, P=0.003; r=-0.23, P<0.001; r=-0.33, P<0.001; r=-0.41, P<0.001) and the correlation increases gradually; the thinnest point, central corneal thickness and corneal thickness at 3 mm were not correlated with age. Five, 6, 7 mm CTI was negatively correlated with age (r=-0.18, P=0.001; r=-0.27, P<0.001; r=-0.27, P<0.001); There was no correlation between 3, 4 mm CTI and age. There was no significant correlation between CH and age and CRF was negatively correlated with age (r=-0.15, P=0.006). CH was negatively correlated with 3, 4, 5, 6 mm CTI (r=-0.13, P=0.023; r=-0.14, P=0.010; r=-0.15, P=0.008; r=-0.13, P=0.019), CRF was negatively correlated with 3, 4, 5, 6 mm CTI (r=-0.21, P<0.001; r=-0.24, P<0.001; r=-0.26, P<0.001; r=-0.16, P=0.005). There was significant difference in CH and CRF between the two groups of which the 7 mm CTI was located at the maximum 5% and minimum 5% at both ends of the overall distribution (t=2.93, P=0.006; t=2.78, P=0.009). Conclusion: With the increase of age, the central corneal thickness remains unchanged while the peripheral corneal thickness decreases significantly in healthy people. The cornea with great difference between central and peripheral thickness may have the risk of the decreased ability to resist intraocular pressure and external force.

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2022 Vol. 24 (8): 605-609 [Abstract] ( 205 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3923KB] ( 3654 )
610 Effect of Different Scanning Signal Strength of Optical Coherence Tomography on the Analysis of Optic Disc RNFL Thickness
Ziyang Li, Sha Li, Xiaoyong Huang
Objective: To collect optic disc retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in different signal strength (SS), and compare the differences between them, discuss the influence of SS on it, and provide basis for accurate analysis of optic disc RNFL. Methods: This case series stude included 90 patients with RNFL analysis in 90 eyes who had undergone OCT optic disc scanning in Department of Ophthalmology, South west Hospital, from December 2018 to August 2019 were selected,including 30 eyes in the RNFL normal group, 30 eyes in the RNFL thinning group, and 30 eyes in the RNFL thickening group. Age (41.8±18.0) years old. All patients have clear refractive media. Scan images of different SS have been acquired during the collection process, Signal strength 0-3 is regarded as low SS, signal strength 4-6 is medium SS, signal strength 7-10 is high SS. The average value of 3.46 mm diameter RNFL and the number of abnormal quadrants of RNFL abnormal group under low SS and high SS were counted. The average age between groups was compared by single-factor ANOVA, the gender differences between different groups were compared by Chi square test, to compare the difference between the mean RNFL between different signal groups, the results were single-factor repeated measures ANOVA and those that did not conform to the normal distribution were tested by Friedman rank-sum test, and the abnormal RNFL distribution between the low signal group and the high signal group was analyzed by the kappa consistency test, and the kappa 0.75 indicated that the consistency was good, and the kappa 0.4. indicated the consistency difference. Results: The difference in the average thickness of RNFL under different signal strength is statistically significant, in the normal RNFL group (F=137.78, P<0.001), in the thinning RNFL group (F=66.91, P<0.001), in the RNFL thickening group (χ 2=60.00, P<0.001). In the analysis of RNFL thinning group, the distribution of abnormal quadrants under low signal strength and high signal strength was highly consistent (kappa=0.88, P<0.001). In the analysis of RNFL thickening group, the distribution of abnormal quadrants under low signal strength and high signal strength was not significantly consistent (kappa=0.20, P=0.009). Conclusion: The average RNFL value of the optic disc OCT scan is correlated with the SS. The higher the SS, the higher the reliability of the result. At low SS, the quadrant distribution of thinned RNFL can be determined, but the distribution of thickened RNFL cannot be determined accurately.

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2022 Vol. 24 (8): 610-614 [Abstract] ( 191 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3575KB] ( 1940 )
615 Clinical Characteristics of Secondary Operation after Phakic Implantable Collamer Lens Implantation
Shuaifei Li, Changtao You, Dongdong Chen, et al
Objective: To explore the causes of secondary operations such as phakic implantable collamer lens (ICL) reposition, exchange or explantation after ICL implantation, further more to analyze its clinical characteristics and outcomes. Methods: In this case serial study, 74 eyes of 73 patients with ametropia who underwent ICL reposition, exchange or explantation in Zhengzhou Aier Eye Hospital from July 2017 to December 2020 were collected, composed of 47 eyes with ICL reposition, 26 eyes with ICL exchange and 1 eye with ICL explantation. All patients were followed up with the examination including uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), vault and corneal endothelial density (ECD). Sixty-eight eyes with simple implantation were used as the control group, meanwhile 47 eyes with ICL reposition and 26 eyes with ICL exchange were defined as the reposition group and exchange group respectively. Independent sample t-test was used to compare the vault changes between excessive vault and insufficient vault. One way ANOVA was used to compare the differences of UCVA, effectiveness index, safety index and ECD reduction among the reposition group, exchange group and the control group. The exchange rates of ICL and TICL were compared by Chi-square test. Results: The causes of ICL reposition, exchange or explantation include abnormal vault, TICL rotation and abnormal ICL position. Fifty-nine eyes underwent ICL reposition or exchange due to abnormal vault, of which eyes with excessive vault achieved ideal vault through reposition or smaller ICL exchange, while eyes with insufficient vault were relatively complex. In addition, the average vault changes of ICL reposition or exchange in those with excessive vault was greater than that in those with insufficient vault(t=4.72, P<0.001). There were 14 eyes with visual acuity decreasing due to TICL rotation, of which 12 eyes had stable and good results after TICL reposition, and 2 eyes got unsatisfactory results after reposition treated by ICL exchange finally. There were no significant difference in UCVA, effectiveness index, safety index and ECD reduction among the reposition group, exchange group and the control group. The exchange rate of ICL (1.6%) was lower than that of TICL (3.5%), and the difference was statistically significant (χ 2=4.04, P=0.045). For 1 eye whose ICL position was abnormal and vault varied greatly from top to bottom in pupil area, ICL removal+phacoemulsification +intraocular lens implantation brought satisfactory results. Conclusion: Abnormal vault is the main reason of ICL reposition, exchange or explantation. The average vault changes of ICL reposition or exchange in those with excessive vault was greater than that in those with insufficient vault, and shown better regularity. After reposition of TICL rotation, satisfactory results can be obtained in most cases. Compared with simple implantation, ICL reposition or exchange have considerable safety and outcomes.

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2022 Vol. 24 (8): 615-621 [Abstract] ( 187 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4814KB] ( 3667 )
622 The Clinical Analysis of Noninfectious Endophthalmitis after Cataract Surgery
Juan Yu, Xiaoli Deng, Xiaoyi Fu, et al
Objective: To investigate the time of occurrence, clinical manifestations, rick factors, treatment process and prognosis of noninfectious endophthalmitis after cataract surger. Methods: A total of 1004 patients (1420 eyes) who underwent phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation were enrolled in this retrospective study, from October 13 to November 19, 2020 in Department of Ophthalmology, Army Medical Center of PLA. The perioperative medications, surgical of instrument, surgical procedures and postoperativ procedures were analyzed in in patients with postoperative non-infectious endophthalmitis. The time of onset, symptoms, signs, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) scores before and after treatment of non-infectious endophthalmitis were observed. The patients with non-infectious endophthalmitis and those without endophthalmitis were divided into inflammatory group and non inflammatory group,respectively. The data were analyzed by t-test and repeated measurement analysis of variance. Results: Sixteen cases (21 eyes) of non-infectious endophthalmitis were enrolled, including 5 males (7 eyes) and 11 female (14 eyes), with an average age of 68.6±9.5 (54-83) years. During the perioperative period, all drugs and instruments are free of violation. All disinfection products were qualified. The operation process was standardized and no complications occurred during the surgry. The same brand and model of hydrophobic acrylate intraocular lens were used in all patients with non-infectious endophthalmitis. The average onset time was 23.3±9.7 days after surgery. Conjunctiva showed mixed hyperemia. The cornea was transparent. The anterior chamber glitter was (+-+++). The anterior chamber cells was (++-+++). There was fibrinous exudation in the anterior chamber in some patients. B-mode ultrasound showed varying degrees of vitreous opacity. The detection of pathogenic microorganisms in aqueous humor and vitreous was negative in all patients. Preoperative endothelial cell count and intraocular pressure were normal in both groups. There were no statistically difference in corneal curvature and axial length between inflammatory and non- inflammatory groups. The depth of anterior chamber in inflammatory group was significantly lower than that in non inflammatory group (t=-2.55, P=0.010). Conclusion: In this study, non-infectious endophthalmitis after cataract surgery was highly suspected to be related to the intraocular lens. After active treatment, the inflammation was controlled and resolved.

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2022 Vol. 24 (8): 622-627 [Abstract] ( 208 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4357KB] ( 3717 )
Case Report
628  
 

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2022 Vol. 24 (8): 628-631 [Abstract] ( 178 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2249KB] ( 3628 )
632  
 

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2022 Vol. 24 (8): 632-634 [Abstract] ( 168 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 0KB] ( 548 )
Review
635 Research Progress on Retreatment after SMILE
Zichen Wang, Xinliang Cheng, Ying Yu
Small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE) is one of the mainstream corneal refractive surgery at present. Although the success rate of the surgery is high, there are still some postoperative residual refractive errors such as overcorrection, undercorrection and refractive regression, which affect postoperative vision. With the increasing popularity of SMILE, some patients inevitably need to perform retreatment surgery. This review discusses major advantages and disadvantages of these options and compares the visual outcomes based on the existing literature.

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2022 Vol. 24 (8): 635-640 [Abstract] ( 174 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4735KB] ( 3721 )
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