Chinese Journal of Optometry Ophthalmology and Visual science

中华眼视光学与视觉科学杂志

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Chinese Journal of Optometry Ophthalmology and Visual science

	2022 Vol.24 Issue.11 Published 2022-11-25

	Orignal Article Case Report Editorial Review

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		2022 Vol. 24 (11): 0- [Abstract] ( 104 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1956KB] ( 2310 )

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		2022 Vol. 24 (11): 0- [Abstract] ( 103 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 19643KB] ( 2490 )

Editorial

	801	The Role of Capsular Bend in Refractive Cataract Surgery
		Pingjun Chang,Yun'e Zhao
		In the era of refractive cataract surgery, posterior capsular opacity(PCO) and abnormal position of intraocular lens (IOL) became important factors of postoperative visual quality. This would be discussed from the perspective of capsule bend. Capsule bend is a barrier based on the adhesion of postoperative capsule and sharp optic edge of IOL. Completely adhesive types of capsular bend can not only effectively reduce the migration of lens epithelial cells, but also improve the stability of IOL (including axial movement, decentration, tilt and rotation). Based on the formation and evolution of capsule bend and its different types, this article explains the mechanism how the capsule bend prevent PCO and maintain IOL stability, which provides ideas and feasibility for improving postoperative visual quality of cataract patients.
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		2022 Vol. 24 (11): 801-805 [Abstract] ( 135 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3155KB] ( 2559 )

Orignal Article

	806	Characteristics of Corneal Curvature and Aberrations in Patients with Congenital Ectopia Lentis
		Siyuan Liu, Guangming Jin, Danying Zheng
		To investigate the characteristics of corneal curvature, astigmatism and aberrations in patients with congenital ectopia lentis (CEL) to provide reference for the selection of intraocular lens (IOL)before operation. Methods: In this case control study, 55 eyes of 55 patients with bilateral CEL (CEL group) and 54 eyes of 54 healthy outpatient controls (control group) were enrolled from July 2018 to July 2021 at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University. The characteristics of corneal curvature, astigmatism and aberrations were measured by a rotating Scheimplfulg camera (Pentacam HR). All parameters were compared using Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test. A correlation between age and comeal parameters in CEL group was evaluated by Spearman correlation analysis. Results: The anterior, posterior and total corneal curvature in CEL group were significantly lower than those in control group (U=-5.62, -6.25, -5.66, P<0.001). The anterior and total corneal astigmatism were significantly larger in the CEL group (U=2.20, P=0.028; U=3.06, P=0.002), while the difference in posterior corneal astigmatism between the two groups were not statistically significant. The distribution of astigmatism types was statistical differences between the two groups (P=0.001, 0.028, 0.001). The total corneal aberrations, high-order aberrations and low-order aberrations were increased in CEL group (U=3.95, P<0.001; U=2.24, P=0.025; U=3.87, P<0.001), whereas the spherical aberration decreased (U=-3.70, P<0.001). A significant negative correlation was found between age and anterior corneal horizontal coma(r=-0.31, P=0.032). Conclusions: Compared with the control group, the CEL group had lower corneal curvature, higher corneal astigmatism, greater corneal aberrations and smaller corneal spherical aberrations. The total corneal astigmatism should be taken into consideration when choosing IOL before surgery. It is recommended to choose IOL with zero spherical aberration or spherical IOL for CEL patient.
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		2022 Vol. 24 (11): 806-811 [Abstract] ( 118 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2247KB] ( 2449 )

	812	Comparison of the Accuracy of Total Keratometry and Conventional Keratometry for IOL Power Calculation Based on the New Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Biometry
		Yingying Yu, Li Yuan, Xiaoguang Cao,et al
		Objective: To compare the accuracy of total keratometry (TK) and conventional keratometry (K) for intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation based on the new swept-source optical coherence tomography biometry. Methods: This was a prospective self controlled study, 29 patients (58 eyes) with binocular age-related cataract were enrolled for the phacoemulsification combined with diffractive trifocal IOL implantation during May 2021 and November 2021 in Peking University People's Hospital. Eyes were assessed using a swept-source optical biometer (IOLMaster 700). Axial length, anterior chamber depth, central corneal thickness, lens thickness, posterior keratometry, TK, and white-to-white corneal diameter were recorded. Emmetropic IOL power was calculated using K and TK in the current standard formulas (SRK/T, Haigis, Holladay2, and Barrett Universal II) and a new formula developed for TK (Barrett TK Universal II). Selected IOL power and predicted refractive outcomes were recorded. Corrected distance visual acuity and postoperative manifest refraction were measured 1 month and 3 months postoperatively. The absolute prediction error, mean absolute error, median absolute error (MedAE), and the percentages of eyes within prediction errors of ±0.25 D, ±0.50 D, ±0.75 D, and ±1.00 D were calculated for all IOL formulas. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests and McNemar's tests were used to analyze the difference. Results: There was strong agreement between K and TK (intraclass correlation coefficient=0.996), with a mean difference of 0.007 D. A relatively lower MedAE values were observed for Haigis and Barrett Universal Ⅱ for TK when compared with K. MedAE from TK was a trend toward larger than that from K in SRK/ T and Holladay2 formulas. A relatively greater proportion of eyes fell within ±0.25 D and ±0.50 D of the predicted postoperative spherical equivalent range in the TK group than in the K group for Barrett Universal Ⅱ formula. Proportion of eyes within ±0.25 D and ±0.50 D of predicted refraction were slightly higher in the K group for SRK/T, Haigis and Holladay2. However, differences in MedAEs, and percentages of eyes within the above prediction errors were not statistically significant. Conclusions: Conventional K and TK for IOL calculation showed strong agreement for refractive prediction for IOL power calculation based on IOLMaster 700, and with a trend toward better refractive outcomes using TK for Barrett Universal Ⅱ formula.
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		2022 Vol. 24 (11): 812-819 [Abstract] ( 142 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2947KB] ( 2600 )

	820	Aniseikonia Associated with Cataract Surgery and Its Impact on Post-Surgical Binocular Vision
		Qingqing Tan1,Xuan Liao1,Changjun Lan1,et al
		Objective: To investigate the change in the aniseikonia after cataract surgery and its effect on postsurgical binocular vision status. Methods: A prospective, clinical study of 73 patients ( ≥ 50 years) who elected to undergo bilateral cataract surgery at Pennsylvania College of Optometry at Salus University and LewisLASIK Eye Clinic from January 2019 to November 2019 was implemented. All subjects underwent aniseikonia test before surgery of the first eye. Aniseikonia and comprehensive binocular vision test battery were performed for all subjects after surgery of the second eye. A comprehensive binocular vision test battery including stereopsis, ocular alignment, fusional vergence, vergence facility and near point of convergence. A detailed diagnostic classification protocol was applied to identify the presence of binocular vision anormalies after surgery. McNemar Chi-square test was used to compare the proportion of significant aniseikonia before and after surgery. Spearman test was used to detect the correlations between aniseikonia and anisometropia, interocular difference in intraocular lens (IOL) power or stereopsis. Logistic regression was used to test the effects of aniseikonia on post-surgical binocular vision status.The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the cut-off values of aniseikonia that can predict the presence of post-surgical binocular vision anormalies. Results: The mean follow-up interval was 2 months. A total of 51 subjects were included, of which 13 cases (25%) were diagnosed with non-strabismic binocular vision anormalies after surgery, mainly with convergence insufficiency (11 cases, 22%). There were no statistically significant changes in the changes in proportions of clinically significant aniseikonia (≥3%) after surgery (x2 =1.14, P=0.286). There were no statistically significant correlations between aniseikonia and anisometropia, interocular difference in IOL power or stereopsis either at baseline or after surgery. Logistic regression results showed significant associations between the presence of post-surgical binocular vision anormalies and pre-surgical (OR=1.46, P=0.047), post-surgical (OR=1.67, P=0.031) aniseikonia, and surgically induced (OR=1.48, P=0.021) aniseikonia. ROC curve indicated that the best area under curve (AUC) was shown for surgically induced aniseikonia (AUC=0.74), and a cut-off value of 2.4% provides the optimal sensitivity and specificity for whether predicting a post-surgical binocular vision anormaly. Before and after surgical aniseikonia had similar AUC values (0.68 vs. 0.66), and the cutoff values of 3.3% and 2.9% showing the best combination of sensitivity and specificity. Conclusions: Bilateral cataract surgery does not appear to significantly change aniseikonia. However, this study found a significant predictive effect of aniseikonia for the occurrence of binocular vision disorders after surgery.
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		2022 Vol. 24 (11): 820-826 [Abstract] ( 116 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3468KB] ( 2433 )

	827	Analysis of Changes of Visual Function and Quality of Life after the Delayed Sequential Bilateral Cataract Surgery in the Early Postoperative Period for High Myopia Patients
		Yaping Zhang,Laiqiang Qu,Tuanzheng Ran, et al
		Objective: To analyze the changes of visual function and quality of life in the first eyes versus the second eyes with high myopia before and after cataract surgery, to provide a theoretical basis for cataract surgery for the second eyes with good vision. Methods: In this prospective clinical study, 48 bilateral highly myopic patients (axial length ≥ 27.0 mm, myopia exceeding-6.00 diopters) who underwent uneventful sequential cataract surgery (the eyes with worse visual acuity operated first) in Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital) from June 2019 to June 2020 were collected, the time interval between the first eyes and second eyes was 2-4 weeks.The visual acuity, visual function (VF) and quality of life (QOL) questionnaire was completed before the surgery, 1 week and 3 months after surgery, respectively. Objective scattering index (OSI) and modulation transfer function cutoff frequency (MTF cutoff) were compared by doublepass optical quality analysis system (OQAS-II) at each time point. Differences in the parameters were compared between the first and second eyes using independent t test. Results: The first eyes' postoperative BCVA logMAR was 0.20±0.35, the spherical equivalent (SE) was-2.42±0.84 D and the second eyes preoperative SE was -19.30±4.65 D, BCVA logMAR was 0.57±0.29. VF questionnaire showed that the subjective visual quality, peripheral visual field, visual adaptation and stereoscopic function scores were significantly improved after the first eyes' surgery (t=-16.16, -18.65, -9.79, -9.94, all P<0.001), and these four functions were further improved after the second eyes' surgery (t=-34.32, -14.87, -15.95, -21.36, all P<0.001), the peripheral visual field and stereopsis function were further improved after 3 months of the surgery for both eyes compared with 1 week after surgery of the second eyes (t=-2.27, P=0.030; t=2.37, P=0.020). QOL questionnaire showed that the patients' scores of self-care ability, activity ability, social ability and psychological status scale were significantly improved after the first-eye surgery compared with those before surgery (t=-31.52, -21.79, -19.68, -14.16, all P<0.001). Only the score of psychological status was improved significantly after the second-eyes cataract surgery compared with that after the first-eyes' surgery (t=-12.50, P<0.001). OQAS-II showed that the OSI values of the first and the second eyes were significantly lower at 1 week and 3 months postoperatively when compared with the preoperative values (t=17.15, -19.54, 9.61, 10.18, all P<0.001) and MTF cutoff value was significantly higher than that before surgery at 1 week and 3 months postoperatively (t=10.58, -11.65, -8.23, -9.15, all P<0.001). Conclusions: Cataract surgery of the first eyes can significantly improve the quality of life for the patients with high myopia, while second eyes surgery may significantly further improve visual function and quality of life especially the psychological status for cataract patients with high myopia.
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		2022 Vol. 24 (11): 827-833 [Abstract] ( 117 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2329KB] ( 2448 )

	834	A Comparison of the Accuracy of Five Modern Toric IOL Formulas with Average Axial Lengths
		Bin Hu, Man Hu, Xing Yang, et al
		Objective: To compare the prediction accuracy of the Barrett (predicted posterior corneal astigmatism, PPCA), the Barrett (measured PCA, MPCA), the EVO 2.0, the Kane, the Næser-Savini toric intraocular lens (IOL) power formulas of toric IOL refractive outcomes in eyes of average axial lengths. Methods: This retrospective consecutive case study included 304 patients (304 eyes) who underwent microincision phacoemulsification and AcrySof toric intraocular lens implantation from May 2015 to June 2021 at the Eye Hospital ,Wenzhou Medical University at Hangzhou. Using vector analysis, the astigmatism prediction error (PE), the mean absolute prediction error (MAE), the median absolute prediction error (MedAE), the standard deviation of the prediction error, and the percentage of eyes with PE within ±0.25 diopter (D), ±0.50 D, ±0.75 D and ±1.00 D were calculated. The differences between the MAE between formulas was assessed using the nonparametric Friedman test. Results: The Kane formula showed astatistically significantly lower MAE (P<0.001) comparing with all other formulas. The Kane formula showed the highest proportion of eyes with PE within ±0.50 D with 54%, followed by the Næser-Savini formula (47%), Barrett (MPCA) formula (44%), Barrett (PPCA) formula (42%), and EVO 2.0 formula (39%). No statistically significant difference existed among the MAE calculated from the N?ser-Savini, Barrett (MPCA), Barrett (PPCA)and EVO 2.0 toric formulas. Conclusion: Compared with the Barrett (PPCA), Barrett (MPCA), Næser-Savini, and EVO 2.0 toric formulas, the application of Kane calculator in calculating toric IOL dioptor could reduce PE and improve toric IOL refaractive outcomes.
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		2022 Vol. 24 (11): 834-841 [Abstract] ( 171 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3847KB] ( 2771 )

	842	Clinical Efficacy of Anterior and Posterior Segment Combined Surgery in the Treatment of Complex Uveitis Patients
		Tao Zhang, Qiang Zhou, Xuhui Liu,et al
		Objective: To investigate the clinical outcome of combined anterior and posterior segment surgery in the treatment of patients with refractory uveitis with posterior segment tissue involvement. Methods: The retrospective case series of 33 patients (33 eyes) with refractory uveitis and cataract who underwentcombined posterior and anterior approaches in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital from May 2018 to January 2021 were reviewed. According to the etiology, 16 infectious uveitis patients (16 eyes, infectious group) were included, consisting of 4 eyes of cytomegalovirus chororetinitis, 3 eyes of herpetic uveitis, 2 eyes of toxocariasis, 1 eye of acute retinal necrosis and 6 eyes of bacterial or fungal endophthalmitis. Seventeen non-infectious uveitis patients (17 eyes, non-infectious group) were also included, consisting of 12 eyes of idiopathic uveitis, 1 eye of lymphoma, 2 eyes of heterochromic iridocyclitis and 2 eyes of juvenile idiopathic arthritis uvitis. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to analyze the preoperative and postoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure and aqueous humor flare index of all patients. The number and percentage of cases were used to show the intraoperative implantation of lens and silicone oil in the infectious uveitis group and non-infectious uveitis group of these patients and compared by the Chi-square test. Results: Preoperative and postoperative logMAR BCVA of all patients were 2.40 (1.50, 2.70) and 1.70 (0.55, 2.70) respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (Z=-2.61, P=0.009). The postoperative BCVA of non-infectious uveitis group was 0.92 (0.40, 1.70), which was significantly lower than that in the infectious uveitis group that was 2.25 (2.10, 2.93) (Z=-2.97, P=0.003). The proportion of BCVA improvement of the two groups were 44% and 71% respectively. The preoperative and postoperative intraocular pressure of all patients was 15.0 (10.0, 18.5) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) and 14.0 (12.0, 16.00) mmHg respectively. There is no statistically significant difference between them (Z=-0.02, P=0.983). Preoperative and postoperative aqueous humor flare index were 12.4 (7.5, 73.2) pc/ms and 5.0 (3.3, 7.3) pc/ms respectively.The operation significantly decreased aqueous humor flare index (Z=-2.99, P=0.003). The ratio of intraocular lens implantation cases in infectious uveitis group was significantly lower than that in non-infectious uveitis group (x2 =6.94, P=0.008). But the ratio of silicone oil filling between the two groups was no significantly difference (x2=0.25, P=0.619). Conclusion: Combined anterior and posterior segment surgery could improve visual acuity and reduce aqueous humor flare index, and control inflammation reaction in patients with refractory uveitis with posterior segment tissue involvement.
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		2022 Vol. 24 (11): 842-848 [Abstract] ( 134 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2305KB] ( 2514 )

	849	Interpretion and Research Status of "Wei' s Triple Nine Needling Therapy"
		Yanting Xia,Qiping Wei,Yanhong Sun, et al
		"Wei' s triple nine needling therapy" is the crucial acupuncture prescription in treatment of eye diseases in Yanjing Wei' s academic school of ophthalmology, especially of optic nerve retinal degenerative diseases. Clinical practice shows that has certain curative effects. The author interpreted the origin of "Wei' s triple nine needling therapy", the principle of acupoint selection and the thinking of acupoint combination. The specific needling manipulations at different regions involved in the triple needling procedure were also expounded in detail. It also introduced the results of clinical research in recent years. Based on the theory of acupuncture and moxibustion, "Wei' s triple nine needling therapy" will be inherited and developed.
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		2022 Vol. 24 (11): 849-853 [Abstract] ( 167 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3947KB] ( 2619 )

	854	Clinical Characteristics of Macular Perfusion Density and Retinal Thickness in Constant and Intermittent Exotropia
		Jing Zhai, Xueting Yu, Wei Fang, et al
		Objective: To measure the macular microvasculature and thickness parameters using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in constant exotropia (XT) and intermittent exotropia (IXT). Methods: In this case-control study, a total of 72 participants (exotropia 44 eyes) who were treated at Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University from September 2020 to September 2021 were recruited, including 25 XT patients (50 eyes), 22 IXT patients (44 eyes)and 25 controls (50 eyes). OCTA examination was performed to evaluate the macular perfusion density of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP), foveal avascular zone(FAZ) area, inner and outer retinal thickness in XT and IXT patients and age-matched controls. Data in the macular microvasculature and thickness parameters were compared by paired t-test between the two eyes. The analysis of variance of generalized linear model was used for the comparison between groups. Pearson correlation analysis was used for the correlation of the macular microvasculature with thickness parameters. Results: Compared with contralateral eyes, the study eyes in XT group showed significant decrease in the macular perfusion density of SCP in the whole (t=-2.10, P=0.047) and parafoveal superior regions (t=-2.28, P=0.032), and DCP in parafoveal superior and inferior region (t=-2.26, P=0.033; t=-2.43, P=0.023). There was no statistically significant difference between the two eyes in IXT group. Comparison between three groups, the study eyes showed significant difference in macular perfusion density of SCP in the whole and parafoveal superior regions as well as DCP in the whole and parafoveal superior, inferior, temporal regions (all P<0.05). The study eyes in XT group showed lower perfusion density of SCP in the whole and parafoveal superior regions as well as DCP in the whole and parafoveal superior, inferior, temporal regions than the control group (all P<0.05). In IXT group, the study eyes showed significant decrease of DCP perfusion density in the whole and parafoveal superior and inferior regions than that of the control group (all P<0.05). In XT group, the temporal region of inner retinal thickness in the study eyes showed significant thinner than in the contralateral eyes (t=-2.84, P=0.009). Inner retinal thickness in the fovea was negatively correlated with the angle of exodeviation at distance (r=-0.36, P=0.012) and at near (r=-0.37, P=0.010). Conclusions: In XT patients, OCTA revealed lower macular perfusion density and thinner inner retinal thickness in the temporal region. In IXT group, the study eyes showed significant decrease of DCP perfusion density than that of the control group.
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		2022 Vol. 24 (11): 854-861 [Abstract] ( 111 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 16346KB] ( 2451 )

	862	Application of Superior Oblique Split Tendon Lengthening in A-Pattern Strabismus Caused by Superior Oblique Overaction
		Jiong Dong, Lixia Feng, Lin Xia, et al
		Objective: To investigate the safety and effectiveness of superior oblique split tendon lengthening in the treatment of A-pattern strabismus with superior oblique overaction. Methods: In this retrospective study, the clinical date of 8 cases (14 eyes), who underwent superior oblique split tendon lengthening from June 2020 to June 2021 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were treated with superior oblique split tendon lengthening according to the degree of superior oblique overaction, and the lengthening 4-5 mm for superior oblique overaction +1, 5-6 mm for +2, 7-8 mm for +3 and 8-10 mm for +4. To observe the effect of operation on A-pattern strabismus,objective eye rotation and stereoscopic vision, paired t test was used for normal distribution data, Mann Whitney test was used for non-normal distribution data, Spearman rank correlation test were used for analyze the correlation between two variables. Results: Eight cases (14 eyes) were treated with superior oblique split tendon lengthening and horizontal strabismus correction. Two patients underwent unilateral superior oblique split tendon lengthening, and six patients underwent bilaterally superior oblique split tendon lengthening. Except 1 patient, all the patients had no A pattern after surgery. Postoperative A-patterns was significantly reduced in all patients compared with preoperative. The average difference of pre- and post-operative A-patterns were 22.5±9.4 PD and 3.3±10.1 PD in 6 cases with bilaterally superior oblique overaction (t=10.78, P<0.001). The bilaterally superior oblique split tendon procedure could correct A-pattern in an amount of (19.2±4.4) PD. The average amount of pre-and post-operation superior oblique overaction were 2.0 (2.0-3.0) and +0 (0-0.2) in 14 eyes (U=6.50, P<0.001); Objective rotation was measured by image-proplus 6.0 software. In 14 eyes, the torsion was significantly improved after the operation compared with preoperative. The average pre-and post-operation objective rotation were +5.7°±5.7° and -0.6°±6.0° in 14 eyes (t=6.98, P<0.001). The average corrected rotation was 6.3°±3.4°. None of the patients had secondary superior oblique palsy and V-pattern after surgery. All patients had no stereopsis in the original position before surgery, 2 patients received original peripheral stereoscopic vision (400 ") and 1 patient received fovea stereoscopic vision (20 "). Conclusions: Superior oblique split tendon lengthening is effective in the treatment of superior oblique overaction and A-pattern, which can correct objectively in-torsion and stereoscopic vision of some patients, and is less likely to cause secondary complications such as superior oblique palsy.
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		2022 Vol. 24 (11): 862-866 [Abstract] ( 153 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4550KB] ( 2508 )

	867	Comparison of CASIA 2 and IOLMaster 700 for Measuring the Anterior Segment Data
		Shuyang Wang, Shaochong Bu, Yuanfeng Jiang,et al
		Objective: To evaluate the difference and the consistency of the ocular anterior segment parameters measured with CASIA 2 and IOLMaster 700 in patients with cataract. Methods: In this retrospective study, 95 eyes of 95 patients underwent pre-operative examination for cataract surgery from April 2020 to May 2020 were involved. The central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT), keratometry of the steepest meridian (Ks) and keratometry of the flattest meridian (Kf) measured by CASIA 2 and IOLMaster 700 were documented and analyzed using paired t test for differences, earson's test for correlation and Bland-Altman test for consistency. Results: The differences of CCT, ACD and LT values measured by CASIA 2 and IOLMaster 700 were statistically significant (t=-11.94, P<0.001; t=8.52, P<0.001, t=-2.97, P=0.004, respectively), while the differences of Ks and Kf were not statistically significant. The CCT, ACD, LT, Ks and Kf values measured with two instruments were significantly correlated (r=0.99, 0.99, 0.99, 0.98 and 0.97, all P<0.001). Bland-Altman analysis showed that the mean differences of CCT, ACD and LT were -7.516 μm、0.043 mm、0.023 mm, respectively. The limits of agreement (LoA) were -19.92, 4.48 μm, -0.055, 0.139 mm, -0.120, 0.160 mm.The mean differences of Ks and Kf from the two instruments were 0.028 D and 0.061 D, respectively. The 95% LoA were -0.65, 0.77 D and -0.52, 0.578 D. The proportion outside 95% LoA were 7.36%(7/95) and 6.31% (6/95). The values of CCT, ACD, LT, Ks and Kf measured by the two instruments were not consistent.Conclusion: The CCT, ACD, LT, Ks and Kf measured with CASIA 2 and IOLMaster 700 were not consistent.
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		2022 Vol. 24 (11): 867-872 [Abstract] ( 131 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2722KB] ( 2689 )

Case Report

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		2022 Vol. 24 (11): 873-875 [Abstract] ( 108 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 24180KB] ( 2399 )

Review

	876	Research Status of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Ophthalmology
		Yao Lai, Yaohua Wang, Hongfei Liao
		Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a non-dye, non-invasive new eye imaging technology that is safe, fast, and clear. It is one of the fastest growing examinations in ophthalmology imaging examination. It can not only perform high-resolution imaging of microvascular lesions in each layer of the retina and choroid, but also can quantify blood perfusion, which has irreplaceable value in clinical practice. At present, OCTA has been widely used in various fields of ophthalmology, this article will briefly review the application of OCTA in ophthalmic diseases.
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		2022 Vol. 24 (11): 876-880 [Abstract] ( 184 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2141KB] ( 2612 )

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