Objective To detect the macular retinal thickness, best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), diopter and eye axis length of children with hyperopic amblyopia, exploring the morphological changes of amblyopic retina, expecting new evidence for diagnosis and treatment. Methods Children from the department of ophthalmology in the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University from January 2013 to June 2015, whose clinical datas were recorded. Finally according to the criteria of expert consensus, 96 children (ages 4-10 years) meeted the inclusion criteria were selected, including 48 cases (91 eyes) with hyperopic amblyopia and 48 cases (96 eyes) of normal control of healthy children in the department of ophthalmology in our hospital during the same period. The BCVA and diopter for all children were given by the same optometrist detection. Binocular macular retinal thickness of all children were carried out by frequency domain OCT examination. The retinal thickness in all macular areas(A1-A9) were recorded. All eye axis length were measured with IOLMaster. Data were compared by independent t test and Pearson correlation analysis. Results In the 2 groups the A1 area were the most thin (262±19 µm, 250±20 µm), the difference between the 2 groups was statistically significant (t=2.93, P<0.05); The thickness (A2-A5) of the inner loop was the most thick, which were (301±21 µm, 305±22 µm), and there was no significant difference between the 2 groups (t=0.36, P>0.05); The average thickness of the outer ring (A6-A9): (272±25 µm, 269±17 µm), there was no significant difference between the 2 groups (t=0.21, P>0.05). There was a positive correlation between macular thickness and corrected visual acuity (r=0.29, P＜0.05) within the lower region of the amblyopia group. There was a positive correlation between the macular thickness and diopter in the nasle side external ring (r=0.40, P＜0.01). A negative correlation and the axial length of the eyes(r=-0.40, P＜0.01). Conclusion Partial retinal macular thickness was different in children with hyperopic amblyopia. Those changes may be related to the pathogenesis of amblyopia. There was a correlation between macular thickness and corrected visual acuity, diopter, and axial length.