Objective To evaluate the effects of perceptual learning on visual acuity and contrast sensitivity function in juveniles and adults with amblyopia. Methods In this prospective self-control study， 18 anisometropic amblyopes were recruited，the amblyopic eyes were trained in contrast detection near the pre-training cut-off spatial frequency. Patients were followed up for 3-6 months. Changes in the best corrected visual acuity and contrast sensitivity function and pattern visual evoked potentials and stereoacuity were measured. Data were analyzed using t test and correlation analysis. Results The amblyopic eyes had more profound changes in the visual acuity and contrast threshold （at all spatial frequencies） than the non-amblyopic fellow eyes （t=2.731， P<0.05； t=5.108， P<0.01； t=3.700， P<0.01）. No difference was found in the mean 60"， 30"， 15" P100 latency and amplitude in both eyes after the treatment. Eight patients showed improvement in steroacuity （average 420"）. The improved visual acuity was retained at 6 months in some patients. Conclusion Perceptual learning can improve the visual function of juvenile and adult amblyopia.
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