广东省珠海市与新疆省喀什市小学生视力和屈光状态的比较

doi:10.3760/cma.j.cn115909-20220409-00137

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摘要目的：对比分析广东省珠海市和新疆省喀什市小学生的视力及屈光状态，为我国不同地区青少年儿童近视的防控工作提供参考。方法：横断面观察性研究。随机抽取2018至2019年珠海市10所小学及喀什市6所小学的学生。通过视力筛查获得裸眼视力、非睫状肌麻痹屈光数据和等效球镜度（SE）。采用倾向性评分匹配法矫正两地性别和年龄差异。正态分布定量数据的比较使用独立样本t检验，非正态分布使用Mann-Whitney U检验，分类数据使用卡方检验进行统计分析。结果：珠海市获得12 001例学生的完整资料，其中男生6 528例（占54.4%），女生5 473例（占45.6%），年龄（8.7±1.6）岁。喀什市获得5 584例完整资料，其中男生2 796例（占50.1%），女生2 788例（占49.3%），年龄（8.3±0.9）岁。两地区性别（χ2=28.60，P<0.001）、年龄（t=-19.27，P<0.001）之间的比较差异有统计学意义。采用1:1倾向性评分匹配法矫正性别年龄混杂因素后，两地均有5 478例纳入统计分析。珠海市小学生右眼SE为-0.25（-0.88，+0.13）D，喀什市为-0.11（-0.30，+0.11）D，差异有统计学意义（Z=-9.32,P<0.001）。两地不同年龄段小学生SE绝对值逐年增加，自8岁起珠海市增加速度较喀什市快。珠海市和喀什市的裸眼视力不良占比分别为17.7%和15.2%。在裸眼视力不良人群中，珠海市和喀什市的近视临床前期占比分别为18.3%和42.9%，筛查性近视占比为76.3%和51.1%；高度近视仅存在于珠海市，共15例。结论：珠海市筛查性近视率和近视程度高于喀什市，两地的气候、经济、人口、教育差异可能是造成近视发病率不同的主要原因。

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关键词 ：屈光, 视力, 小学生, 比较

Abstract：Objective: The visual acuity (VA) and refractive status of primary school students in Zhuhai and Kashgar were compared and analyzed, so as to provide a reference for the prevention and control of juvenile myopia in different regions of China. Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study of primary school students of 10 schools in Zhuhai and 6 schools in Kashgar from 2018 to 2019. VA, noncycloplegic autorefraction, and spherical equivalent (SE) were obtained via visual screening. Independent sample t-test,Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test, Spearman correlation analysis, and 1:1 propensity score match (PSM) were used for statistical analysis. Results: A total of 12 001 students were recruited in Zhuhai, including 6 528 boys (54.4%), 5 473 girls (45.6%), with an average age of 8.7±1.6 years. And 5 584 students were obtained in Kashgar, including 2 796 boys (50.1%), 2 788 girls (49.3%), with an average age of 8.3 ± 0.9 years. There were statistical differences in sex (χ2=28.60, P<0.001) and age (t=-19.27, P<0.001) between zhuhai and Kashgar. PSM was used to eliminate influences of sex and age. After PSM, 5 478 students in both groups entered the following statistical analysis. The average value of SE in the right eye was -0.25 (-0.88, +0.13) D in Zhuhai and -0.11 (-0.30, +0.11) D in Kashgar (Z=-9.32, P<0.001). The absolute value of SE increased year by year in the two groups, but the increase rate in Zhuhai was bigger than that in Kashgar after 8-year-old. In Zhuhai, the proportion of poor vision was 17.7%, of which pre-myopia was 18.3% and screening myopia was 76.3%. Comparatively, it was 15.2%, 42.9%, and 51.1% respectively in Kashgar. A total of 15 students in Zhuhai encountered high myopia. Conclusion: The incidence rate of screening myopia in Zhuhai is higher than that in Kashgar. The differences in climate, economy, population and education may be the main reasons.

Key words： refraction visual acuity primary school students comparation

收稿日期: 2022-04-09

PACS:

基金资助:国家重点研发计划干细胞及转化研究重点专项（2020YFA0112701）；广州市科技计划项目重点研发计划(202206080005)；新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目（2019D01C004）

通讯作者: 卓业鸿（ORCID：0000-0003-3247-7199），Email：zhuoyh@mail.sysu.edu.cn

引用本文:

关洁莹1,姜爱新2,朱颖婷1, 等. 广东省珠海市与新疆省喀什市小学生视力和屈光状态的比较[J]. 中华眼视光学与视觉科学杂志, 2022, 24(9): 667-674. Jieying Guan1,Aixin Jiang2,Yingting Zhu1,et al. Comparation of Visual Acuity and Refractive Status of Primary School Students in Zhuhai and Kashgar. Chinese Journal of Optometry Ophthalmology and Visual science, 2022, 24(9): 667-674. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115909-20220409-00137

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https://www.cjoovs.com/CN/10.3760/cma.j.cn115909-20220409-00137 或 https://www.cjoovs.com/CN/Y2022/V24/I9/667