Objective Using a standard dichoptic noise-masking paradigm combined with qCSF method to assess the inter ocular suppression at different spatial frequencies in adults with amblyopia normal controls. Methods Ten adults with anisometropia amblyopia and 17 normal controls participated this research study. The degree of interocular suppression was quantified by the threshold elevation when the untested eye viewed a band-pass filtered noise compared to that when the untested eye viewed an unstructured field of the same mean luminance. Monocular signal attenuation by the amblyopic eye was accounted for by setting the contrast of the noise mask to a 5 times of its detection threshold. Data were analyzed using repeated measured ANOVA. Results This method was efficient in measuring the interocular suppression in both amblyopes and normal controls. We also found symmetric interocular suppression for normals (F=0.32, P>0.05), but asymmetric interocular suppression for amblyopes (F=24.25, P<0.01). In particular, the suppression from the amblyopic eye to the fellow eye was significantly less than that found in the normal controls (F=24.29, P<0.01), while the suppression from the fellow eye to the amblyopic eye was not significantly different to that found in the normal controls (F=3.81, P>0.05). Conclusion Amblyopia involves an asymmetric interocular inhibition not accounted for by the signal attenuation of the amblyopic eye. This imbalance leads to dominance by the fellow eye over the amblyopic eye under binocular viewing (i.e. suppression).
周佳玮,Robert F. Hess. 一种新型多空间频率眼优势度测量方法及其在弱视中的应用[J]. 中华眼视光学与视觉科学杂志, 2016, 18(10): 581-586.
Zhou Jiawei,Robert F. Hess. A new method to measure the spatial frequency dependency of interocular suppression in amblyopia. Chinese Journal of Optometry Ophthalmology and Visual science, 2016, 18(10): 581-586. DOI: DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-845X.2016.10.002
Huang CB, Zhou J, Zhou Y, et al. Contrast and phase combination in binocular vision[J]. PLoS One,2010,5(12):e15075.DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0015075.
[2]
Ding J, Sperling G. A gain-control theory of binocular combination[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2006,103(4):1141-1146.
[3]
Huang CB, Zhou J, Lu ZL, et al. Binocular combination in anisometropic amblyopia[J]. J Vis,2009,9(3):17.1-16. DOI:10.1167/9.3.17.
[4]
Zhou J, Huang PC, Hess RF. Interocular suppression in amblyopia for global orientation processing[J]. J Vis,2013,13(5):19. DOI:10.1167/13.5.19.
[5]
Li J, Thompson B, Lam CS, et al. The role of suppression in amblyopia[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci,2011,52(7):4169-4176. DOI:10.1167/iovs.11-7233.
[6]
Feng L, Zhou J, Chen L, et al. Sensory eye balance in surgically corrected intermittent exotropes with normal stereopsis[J]. Sci Rep,2015,5:13075. DOI:10.1038/srep13075.
[7]
Hess RF, Mansouri B, Thompson B. A new binocular approach to the treatment of amblyopia in adults well beyond the critical period of visual development[J]. Restor Neurol Neurosci,2010,28(6):793-802. DOI:10.3233/RNN-2010-0550.
[8]
Hess RF, Mansouri B, Thompson B. A binocular approach to treating amblyopia: antisuppression therapy[J]. Optom Vis Sci,2010,87(9):697-704. DOI:10.1097/OPX.0b013e3181ea18e9.
[9]
Hess RF, Mansouri B, Thompson B. Restoration of binocular vision in amblyopia[J]. Strabismus,2011,19(3):110-118. DOI:10. 3109/09273972.2011.600418.
[10]
Hess RF, Thompson B. Amblyopia and the binocular approach to its therapy[J]. Vision Res,2015,114:4-16. DOI:10.1016/j.visres.2015.02.009.
[11]
Li J, Thompson B, Deng D, et al. Dichoptic training enables the adult amblyopic brain to learn[J]. Curr Biol,2013,23(8):R308-309. DOI:10.1016/j.cub.2013.01.059.
[12]
To L, Thompson B, Blum JR, et al. A game platform for treatment of amblyopia[J]. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng,2011,19(3):280-289. DOI:10.1109/TNSRE.2011.2115255.
[13]
Mower GD, Christen WG, Burchfiel JL, et al. Microiontophoretic bicuculline restores binocular responses to visual cortical neurons in strabismic cats[J]. Brain Res,1984,309(1):168-172.
[14]
Sengpiel F, Jirmann KU, Vorobyov V, et al. Strabismic suppression is mediated by inhibitory interactions in the primary visual cortex[J]. Cereb Cortex,2006,16(12):1750-1758.
[15]
Farivar R, Thompson B, Mansouri B, et al. Interocular suppression in strabismic amblyopia results in an attenuated and delayed hemodynamic response function in early visual cortex[J]. J Vis,2011,11(14).pii:16. DOI:10.1167/11.14.16.
[16]
Mansouri B, Thompson B, Hess RF. Measurement of suprathreshold binocular interactions in amblyopia[J]. Vision Res,2008,48(28):2775-2784. DOI:10.1016/j.visres.2008.09.002.
[17]
Xu JP, He ZJ, Ooi TL. A binocular perimetry study of the causes and implications of sensory eye dominance[J]. Vision Res,2011,51(23-24):2386-2397. DOI:10.1016/j.visres.2011.09.012.
[18]
Hess RF, Howell ER. The threshold contrast sensitivity function in strabismic amblyopia: evidence for a two type classification[J]. Vision Res,1977,17(9):1049-1055.
[19]
Ding J, Klein SA, Levi DM. Binocular combination in abnormal binocular vision[J]. J Vis,2013,13(2):14. DOI:10.1167/13.2.14.
[20]
Kwon M, Wiecek E, Dakin SC, et al. Spatial-frequency dependent binocular imbalance in amblyopia[J]. Sci Rep,2015,5:17181. DOI: 10.1038/srep17181.
[21]
Babu RJ, Clavagnier SR, Bobier W, et al. The regional extent of suppression: strabismics versus nonstrabismics[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci,2013,54(10):6585-6593. DOI:10.1167/iovs.12-11314.
[22]
Huang PC, Baker DH, Hess RF. Interocular suppression in normal and amblyopic vision: spatio-temporal properties[J]. J Vis,2012, 12(11).pii:29. DOI:10.1167/12.11.29.
[23]
Brainard DH. The Psychophysics Toolbox[J]. Spat Vis,1997,10(4):433-436.
[24]
Pelli DG. The VideoToolbox software for visual psychophysics: transforming numbers into movies[J]. Spat Vis,1997,10(4):437-442.
[25]
Prins N, Kingdom F. Palamedes: Matlab routines for analyzing psychophysical data[OL]. 2009 http://www.palamedestoolbox.org.
[26]
Lesmes LA, Lu ZL, Baek J, et al. Bayesian adaptive estimation of the contrast sensitivity function: the quick CSF method[J]. J Vis,2010,10(3):17.1-21. DOI:10.1167/10.3.17.
[27]
Huang CB, Zhou J, Lu ZL, et al. Deficient binocular combination reveals mechanisms of anisometropic amblyopia: signal attenuation and interocular inhibition[J]. J Vis,2011,11(6).pii:4. DOI:10.1167/11.6.4.
[28]
Harrad RA, Hess RF. Binocular integration of contrast information in amblyopia[J]. Vision Res,1992,32(11):2135-2150.