Primary ocular lymphoma can be divided into primary intraocular lymphoma (PIOL) and ocular adnexal lymphoma (POAL) based on their location. Primary vitreoretinal lymphoma (PVRL) is the most common form of PIOL. It is an invasive B-cell malignant tumor and is considered to be a subtype of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). Because of the non-specificity of ocular symptoms, it often leads to misdiagnosis. Cytopathological/histopathological identification of malignant cells is the gold standard for the diagnosis of PVRL. Other auxiliary examinations, such as optical coherence tomography and fundus autofluorescence, have been used in the diagnosis of PVRL. The measurement of cytokines and the clonality of B cells and the determination of mutant molecules further improve the accuracy of diagnosis. Current treatments for PVRL include local radiotherapy, intravitreal chemotherapy (methotrexate and rituximab), and systemic chemotherapy, depending on whether non-ocular tissues are involved. Orbital lymphoma is the main form of POAL, and the vast majority of orbital lymphoma originate from B cells. Histopathological subtypes and clinical stages of the disease are the best indicators for predicting prognosis and selecting treatment. Radiotherapy is the first choice in the treatment of isolated low-grade lymphoma. For disseminated and highly malignant lymphoma, chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy should be selected.

IgG4-related ophthalmic diseases (IgG4-ROD) are IgG4-related diseases (IgG4-RD) occurring in the ophthalmic region, and the lacrimal gland is the most common site of ocular involvement. Intraocular and scleritis involvement in IgG4-ROD have recently been a hot topic. The etiology, clinical characteristics, laboratory examination, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of IgG4-ROD are reviewed in this paper.

Objective: To compare effect after aspheric toric and aspheric intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in patients with cataract and corneal astigmatism. Methods: Prospective non-randomized controlled studies. One hundred seventy-two eyes of 106 patients with regular corneal astigmatism above1.25 D underwent implantation of an aspheric toric or aspheric intraocular lens in Fushun Eye Hospital from May 2016 to January 2018, including 80 eyes of 50 patients implanted with Acrysof IQ Toric IOLs (SN6AT) (Toric group) and 92 eyes of 56 patients implanted with AcrySof IQ IOLs (SN60WF) (control group). Mean astigmatism was 2.08±0.74 D and 2.14±0.95 D, respectively. Main outcomes of the two groups were evaluated at 6 months, including uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), spectacle independence for distance vision, residual refractive cylinder, IOL rotation, contrast sensitivity testing,wavefront aberrations, and refractive error-related quality-of-life questionnaire. Postoperative results were analyzed by a t test, Mann-Whitney test, and χ2 test. Results: Nine patients (8.5%) were lost to postoperative follow-up. The mean UDVA of the toric group and control groups was 0.15±0.20 and 0.22±0.14 LogMAR, respectively (t=-2.14, P<0.001), and the mean CDVA was 0.09±0.08 and 0.11±0.09 LogMAR, respectively (t=-0.62, P>0.05). Spectacle independence for distance vision was achieved in 21 patients (77.8%) in the toric group compared with 9 patients (27.3%) in the control group (χ2 =15.15, P<0.001). The mean residual refractive cylinder of toric and control groups was 0.77±0.39 D and 1.99±1.12 D, respectively (t=-7.56, P<0.001). The mean absolute misalignment of the toric group was 4.6±5.7 degrees. The lower-order aberrations of toric group were lower than those of the control group (U=1.57, P=0.006). No significant differences were found in contrast sensitivity or refractive error-related quality of life between the two groups. Conclusions: In patients with cataract and corneal astigmatism, aspheric toric IOL implantation was an effective and safe method to correct corneal astigmatism during cataract surgery, resulting in a nice rotational stability, a higher spectacle independence for distance vision and a lower lower-order aberrations compared with the control IOL implantation group.

Objective: To research the accuracy of an intraocular lens (IOL) refractive power calculation formula based on total corneal refractive power (TCRP) in calculating the IOL refractive power in cataract patients with an abnormal B/F ratio. Methods: This was a prospective clinically controlled study. Fifty-one cataract patients (51 eyes) with an abnormal corneal B/F ratio were selected consecutively. Patients were divided into two groups: A high B/F ratio group, B/F≥85%, 24 patients (24 eyes), mean=86.2±0.5%; alow B/F ratio group, B/F≤78%, 27 patients (27 eyes), mean=76.6±0.6%. The TCRP measured by the Pentacam (3 mm, pupil center, zone), the axial length (AL) and anterior chamber depth (ACD) measured by the IOL-Master 500 were used in the self-developed IOL refractive power calculation formula. Uncorrected distance visual acuity (logMaR) and optometric testing with a computer were performed 3 months after surgery. Results: The uncorrected distance visual acuity (UCDVA) at 3 months after surgery was 0.19±0.09 in the high B/F ratio group and 0.19±0.08 in the low B/F ratio group. There was no significant difference between the two groups (t=0.787, P=0.435). The mean absolute error (MAE) at 3 months after surgery was 0.38±0.16 D in the high B/F ratio group and 0.42±0.19 D in the low B/F ratio group. Three months after surgery, the MAEs of all patients calculated by the TCRP Method, Higis, HofferQ, SRK-T, and Hollady-Ⅰ formulas were 0.40±0.17 D, 0.64±0.25 D, 0.73±0.27 D, 0.98±0.32 D and 0.84±0.25 D, respectively. The differences in the absolute prediction error (APE) of the five formulas were statistically significant (χ2 =12.47, P=0.023). Furthermore, the APE of the TCRP Method was compared with the Haigis, Hoffer-Q, SRK-T, and Holladay-Ⅰ formulas, and the differences were statistically significant (Z=2.97, 3.53, 4.01, 3.75, all P<0.05). The overall comparisons of the five formulas of the APE were statistically significant for the high B/F ratio group and low B/F ratio group: (χ2 =12.35, P=0.037; χ2 =13.21, P=0.025). Conclusions: For cataract patients with an abnormal B/F ratio, the accuracy of the conventional IOL refractive power calculation formula is poor, and the TCRP-based IOL refractive power calculation formula has high accuracy and perfect UCDVA.

Objective: To explore the importance of an accurate interpretation ofhelical CT-dacryocystography before endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy and its surgical technique for the treatment of traumatic dacryocystitis. Methods: This was a retrospective study. Analysis of 13 patients (14 eyes) who underwent nasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy in the Second Hospital of Jilin University from April 2016 to March 2019 and included medical history, preoperative helical CT-dacryocystography and intraoperative conditions. According to whether the patient's symptoms improved, whether lacrimal tract irrigation was unobstructed, and whether the dacryocystorhinostomy was open, follow-up was performed for 6 months to evaluate the effect of surgery. Results: Through accurate CT readings, 3 eyes were found to have lacrimal sac displacement (one of which combined with lacrimalbone fracture), 6 eyes had amaxillary frontal process and nasal bone fracture (one of which had scar tissue proliferating between fractures), and the remaining 5 eyes only had nasolacrimal duct fractures, no obvious abnormalities in their positions and the local anatomy of the lacrimal sac. All 14 eyes were successfully treated with endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy. Treatment for one of the eyes was combined with alacrimal sac nasal drainage stent due to the displacement of the lacrimal sac. Twelve patients (13 eyes) were cured, one patient (one eye) was notcured. Bleeding was easily controlled during the operation. There were no complications occurring after the operation, and no recurrence after at least 6 months of follow-up. Conclusions: Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy for the treatment of traumatic dacryocystitis is safe and effective, with few complications. An accurate preoperative reading of the helical CT-dacryocystography is helpful for accurate positioning and complete exposure of the lacrimal sac, which helps the endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy go smoothly.

Objective: To evaluate the differences and consistency inaxial length, corneal curvature, anterior chamber depth and astigmatism in cataract patientsmeasured by Pentacam AXL and IOLMaster 700. Methods: This was a prospective controlled study. Ninety cataract patients (106 eyes) were enrolled in Xiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University from January to May 2019. Biometry measurements were performed by the same examiner with Pentacam AXL and IOLMaster 700. The axial length (AL), keratometry reading (K1, K2, Km), J0 and J45 vectoral components of astigmatism and anterior chamber depth (ACD) were obtained. The difference between the two instruments was analyzed. Differences and correlations of biometry measurements obtained with the two biometers were analyzed. The agreement between the two biometers was analyzed by Bland-Altman plot. Results: There were no significant differences in AL, Km, J0, J45 or ACD (t=0.035, P=0.972; t=0.348, P=0.728; t=-0.020, P=0.984; t=0.300, P=0.764; t=-0.931, P=0.407) between Pentacam AXL and IOLMaster 700 (23.63±2.06 mm vs. 23.64±2.05 mm, 44.37±1.70 D vs. 44.45±1.71 D, 0.011±0.555 D vs. 0.009±0.598 D, 0.002±0.278 D vs. 0.013±0.289 D, 2.96±0.41 mm vs. 2.91±0.41 mm). All of the biometric parameters showed good correlation (r=1.000, 0.988, 0.911, 0.811, 0.994, P<0.01). The Bland-Altman analysis of AL, J0, J45, ACD with Pentacam AXL and IOLMaster 700 showed a mean difference of 0.01 mm (95%LoA: -0.07-0.05 mm), 0 D (95%LoA: -0.48-0.48 D), -0.01 D (95%LoA: -0.35-0.33 D) and 0.05 mm (95%LoA: 0-0.09 mm) between the 2 devices, respectively, while the mean difference in Km was -0.08 D (95%LoA: -0.59-0.43 D). Conclusions: There is no significant difference in biometric parameters between Pentacam AXL and IOLMaster 700; the 2 devices can be used interchangeably to measure AL, J0, J45 and ACD in cataract patients. However, the Kmvalue is not interchangeable since the devices have a slightly larger variation in measurements.

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of the Barrett Universal II for calculating the power of atrifocal intraocular lens (IOL, AT LISA tri839 MP), and compare it with existing formulas (Haigis, HofferQ, SRK/T, SRK II and Holladay1). Methods: Consecutive patients who underwent phacoemulsification cataract surgery with implantation of a trifocal IOL at our institution from December 2016 to August 2018 were enrolled. Preoperative optical biometrics were measured by a Lenstar 900, and the Lenstar software was used to calculate the IOL power and predict the refractive outcome for every formula using User Group for Laser Interference Biometry (ULIB) constants. Subject manifest refraction was performed at 3 months or later postoperatively. The primary outcomes were the differences in mean absolute prediction error (MAE) between the formulas. Median and maximum absolute prediction errors (MedAE and MaxAE) were evaluated as well as the percentage of eyes within the prediction errors of ±0.5 D, ±1.0 D and ±2 D. A Kruskal-Wallis non-parameter test was used to analyze the data. Results: The study was comprised of 78 eyes of 55 patients. The formulas were ranked by the MAE as follows: Barrett Universal II (0.332 D), SRK/T (0.420 D), Haigis (0.480 D), Holladay1 (0.607 D), HofferQ (0.626 D) and SRKII (0.822 D). The differences in absolute errors with the formulas were significant (P<0.001). MaxAE of the Barrett Universal II was the lowest among all formulas. The highest percentage of eyes within the prediction errors of ±0.5 D, ±1.0 D and ±2.0 D was also obtained with the Barrett Universal II (73%, 94.8% and 100% respectively). Conclusions: The most accurate predictions of actual postoperative refraction areachieved using the Barrett Universal II, SRK/T and Haigis formulas. Thus, one of these formulas should be used for the IOL power calculation of atrifocal IOL.

Objective: To observe the safety and efficacy of the vitreous cavity injection of compaq for the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Methods: This was a retrospective case study. Twenty-six children (52 eyes) with acute posterior premature retinopathy (AP-ROP), threshold ROP or pre-threshold ROP were diagnosed by ROP screening in Zhengzhou Second People's Hospital and Dengfeng Maternal and Child Health Hospital from February 2015 to May 2016. Seventeen cases (34 eyes) of level Ⅰ lesions and 9 cases (18 eyes) of level Ⅱ lesions were found. All the children were injected with 10 mg/ml of compaq 0.025 ml (25 mg) into the vitreous chamber within 24 h of the diagnosis. The follow-up time was 21-49 weeks with a mean follow-up time of 31.2±12.5 weeks. If there was a disease relapse or no response to treatment with compaq, patients were treated with a repeated compaq injection or laser photo-coagulation. The changes in the retinal vessels of the children were followed and adverse events of the eye or body were monitored. Results: In the 52 eyes, a total of 46 eyes had completerecedingdue toasingle dose of compaq, accounting for 88%. The lesion disappeared completely and the retinal vessels developed to level Ⅲ. Two eyes were treated with a repeated compaq injection (4%) and 4 eyes were treated with supplementary laser photocoagulation (8%). Among these, three eyes were treated with recurrent vitrectomy, accounting for 6% of all eyes. In these eyes, the fibroproliferative membrane continued to aggravate, retinal detachment occurred, the retina completely resetin 2 eyes, and there was a partial reposition of the retina inone eye. This one eye had AP-ROP. Two eyes had threshold ROP with lesions at level Ⅱ. Recurrence times were 10-17 weeks with anaverage recurrence time of 13.2±1.8 weeks. No adverse reactions were observed during the follow-up period. Conclusions: Intraocular injection of compaq is safe and effective in the treatment of children with ROP. Surgery combined with laser photocoagulation is necessary for some unresponsive patients.

Objective: To collect data at a local eye hospital in northeast China to assess the strabismus types and numbers among hospitalized patients of all ages. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on patients diagnosed with strabismus in the ophthalmic hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University from January 2014 to December 2017. The collected data included basic patient information, type of strabismus, and the prevalence of various types of strabismus. The distribution of the types of strabismus and the variation in the trends of strabismus in patients were observed and analyzed. The distribution and number of strabismic patients were evaluated by a cross-group comparative analysis of variance, Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test. Results: Among 3 555 strabismus patients aged 1-79 years (15.5±11.6 years) during these four years, 3 536 patients had strabismus surgery; the number of patients increased year by year and peaked in the months of January, February, July and August (χ2 =956.67, P<0.001). Meanwhile, the amount of exotropia surgery performed (71.8%) was significantly higher than that for esotropia (16.0%, χ2 =31.41, P<0.001), and intermittent exotropia was the most common type of strabismus. Non-accommodative esotropia (77.6%) was the most common type of strabismus in all patients with esotropia. Although the number of special types of strabismus patients was small, there was still a small upward trend during the four years. Among patients of all ages, patients under the age of 12 years were the most common, accounting for 56.0% of the total. Of these, exotropia (71.5%) was the most prominent type of strabismus. Conclusions: Exotropia is more common than esotropia surgery in a hospital in northeast China. During these years, the proportion of exotropia increased gradually, while the proportion of esotropia did not change significantly. Intermittent exotropia is the most prevalent type of strabismus. In addition, patients under the age of 12 years are the most common cases among all age groups.

Objective: To develop a Chinese version of the Contact Lens Impact on Quality of Life questionnaire (CLIQ), assess its reliability and validity, and analyze the factors that influence the score. Methods: A Chinese version of CLIQ was developed, including forward and backward translation and a cultural adaptation of the original English CLIQ. Then a cross-sectional investigation was carried out. Two hundred and five patients were selected from the Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical Universtity and than evaluated using the Chinese version of CLIQ, 20 of them were randomly selected and evaluated by two investigators separately. Questionnaire data were statistically analyzed. Results: A total 201 questionnaires were analyzed. The visual function domain was discarded because of the low response rate (less than 50%). Cronbach's α coefficient scale was 0.77, the ocular symptoms domain was 0.68, and the convenience, economy and well-being domains were more than 0.7. The Guttmann Split-half reliability scale was 0.89, and 0.75, 0.78, 0.65 and 0.93 for the convenience, economy and well-being domains, respectively. Cronbach's α coefficient and Guttmann Split-half coefficient were both 0.49 for the cognitive domain. Cronbach's α coefficient and Guttmann Split-half coefficient increased to 0.68 and 0.73, respectively, after deleting item 20 in the well-being domain, so items 15, 16 and 20 were deleted. Scores between the two investigators had a high positive correlation (r=0.87-0.99, P<0.001). The item level content validity index of each item was 0.83-1.00; the average level of the content validity index of the scale was 0.95. Five extracted factors corresponded to each domainby exploratory factor analysis and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 60.43%. The ocular symptoms domain had as light negative correlation with age (r=- 0.153, P=0.03) and the number of years the lenses were worn (r=-0.167, P=0.018); the well-being domain was slightly correlated with the number of years the lenses were worn (r=0.209, P=0.003). The total score of the scale was significantly different between the number of years the lenses were worn (3.60±0.34 vs. 3.71±0.32, P=0.026), the days the lenses were wornper month (3.60±0.33 vs. 3.70±0.33, P=0.041) and those with/without ocular symptoms (3.71±0.32 vs. 3.60±0.34, P=0.021). The score of economic domain of soft contact lens wearers were higher than that of RGP wearers (t=2.588, P=0.017). Conclusions: After removing the visual function domain, cognitive domain and item 20, the CLIQ's reliability and validity are good. Those who wore the lenses for more years, more days per month and without ocular symptoms score higher. Rigid gas permeable contact lens (RGP) wearers are more worried about cost.