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Chinese Journal of Optometry Ophthalmology and Visual science
 
2021 Vol.23 Issue.5
Published 2021-05-25
Orignal Article
Case Report
Review
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2021 Vol. 23 (5): 0- [Abstract] ( 240 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 36793KB] ( 1360 )
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2021 Vol. 23 (5): 0- [Abstract] ( 209 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 579KB] ( 1689 )
Orignal Article
321  Quantitative Comparison of Inter-Ocular Suppression under Different Environmental Luminance in Children with Amblyopia
Hui Chen, Tianyuan Zhao, Jinling Xu, Jinjing Zhou, Xinping Yu
 Objective: To study inter-ocular suppression in children with amblyopia under different environmental luminance, and to compare the adaptive mechanisms of amblyopic and normal children to environmental luminances. Methods: In this prospective cohort study from January 2020 to November 2020 in the Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, inter-ocular suppression was measured quantitatively with polarized and neutral density filter lenses under different environmental luminances in amblyopic children with anisometropia as the amblyopia group and normal group. The relationship between inter-ocular suppression and environmental luminance (15 lx, 220 lx, 2 000 lx) was analyzed in children with amblyopia and the adaptive mechanisms to environmental luminance were compared between the two groups. A total of 27 amblyopic patients and 10 normal controls were included in the study. The data were analyzed by repeated measurements ANOVA, independent samples t-test and Spearman rank correlation analysis. Results: When comparing 15 lx with 2 000 lx, inter-ocular suppression was more obvious in the amblyopia group at 2 000 lx (near, q=5.76, P<0.001; far, q=4.85, P=0.0027), compared to the control group (near, q=6.93, P<0.001; far, q=8.31, P<0.001) and the differences were statistically significant. The mean differences in inter-ocular suppression between the amblyopia group and normal group were compared under different environmental luminance, and the differences were even greater at 2 000 lx (near, P=0.0114, 0.0014, 0.0018; far, all P<0.001). Inter-ocular suppression at 15 lx was significantly correlated with that at 220 lx (near, r=0.9318, P<0.001; far, r=0.9172, P<0.001) and 2 000 lx (near, r=0.8699, P<0.001; far, r=0.7445, P<0.001). Conclusions: The influence of different environmental luminances on inter-ocular suppression is regulated by environmental luminance; the brighter the environmental luminance is, the deeper the suppression. Compared with normal children, amblyopic children have worse compensation for a bright environment, and amblyopic children are more affected by environmental luminance.

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2021 Vol. 23 (5): 321-328 [Abstract] ( 307 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1703KB] ( 2388 )
329  Effect of Diquafosol Sodium on the Ocular Surface and the Visual Quality of Patients with Moderate to Severe Dry Eyes
Yang Wang, Yuqing Huang, Yanning Yang
 Objective: To evaluate changes in the ocular surface status and the visual quality in patients with moderate to severe dry eyes before and after treatment with 3% diquafosol sodium eye drops. Methods: In this prospective clinical study, a total of 78 patients (78 eyes) with moderate to severe dry eye were included from the ophthalmic outpatient department of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from September 2019 to August 2020. Patients were randomly divided into two groups based on the criteria. In the artificial tear group, 38 patients (38 eyes) were treated with artificial tear drops for 3 s/d; in the diquafosol sodium group, 40 patients (40 eyes) were treated with diquafosol sodium for 6 s/d and artificial tear for 3 s/d. The therapeutic effect was observed 1 month after treatment. The data were analyzed by sample t test, Chi-square and Spearman correlation. Results: After 1 month of treatment, the two groups of patients had improved, and the effect in the diquafosol sodium group was better than that in the artificial tears group for break-up time (BUT), tear meniscus height, Schirmer Ⅰ test, corneal fluorescein staining (FL) and the tear film objective scatter index (TF-OSI) (t=2.613, P=0.029; t=8.498, P=0.001; t=4.082, P=0.015; t=15.06, P<0.001; t=5.021, P=0.007). TF-OSI was negatively correlated with BUT and Modulation transfer function cut off before and after use in the two groups (r=-0.298, P=0.045; r=-0.478, P=0.033; r=-0.478, P=0.004; r=-0.399, P=0.006), and TF-OSI was positively correlated with the dry eye questionnaire score (OSDI) and FL in the diquafosol sodium group (r=0.479, P=0.035; r=0.254, P=0.027). Conclusions: Diquafosol sodium combined with artificial tears can effectively improve the clinical symptoms and signs of moderate to severe dry eyes, and can effectively improve the visual quality of patients. This improvement is better than treatment with artificial tears alone.

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2021 Vol. 23 (5): 329-335 [Abstract] ( 329 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3311KB] ( 2907 )
336  Comparative Analysis of Visual Quality with Different Pupil Diameters after Small Incision Lenticule Extraction
Xiangtao Hou1, 2, Xiaoying Wu1, 2, Kaixuan Du1, 2, Dan Wen1, 2, Shengfa Hu1, 2, Tu Hu1, 2, Chenling Li1, 2, Yanhui Tang1, 2
 Objective: To evaluate the visual acuity changes and influencing factors under 4 mm and 7 mm pupil diameters after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE). Methods: A prospective analysis was performed on 46 right eyes of 46 myopia or myopic astigmatism patients (age, 18-36 years) who underwent SMILE surgery in Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University. Modulation transfer function (MTF), modulation transfer function cutoff ( MTF cutoff), and strehl ratio (SR) were measured under the 4 mm and 7 mm pupil diameters by an optical quality analysis system before surgery and 1 week and 1 and 3 months after surgery. A subjective visual quality questionnaire assessed the subjective visual quality of patients. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used for preoperative and postoperative comparison of visual acuity, diopter, MTF value, and so on. Multiple linear regression was used to explore the influencing factors of visual quality changes at 3 months after SMILE. Results: The differences in uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and spherical equivalent (SE) before and after SMILE surgery were statistically significant (F=210.976, P<0.001; F=144.129, P<0.001). At 3 months after surgery, the efficacy and safety indexes were 0.97±0.11 and 1.00±0.06, respectively. SE was limited within ±0.50 D in all patients. The differences of SR, MTF, and MTF cutoff values between 4 mm and 7 mm pupil diameters before and after surgery were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Under the photopic environment (4 mm pupil diameter), MTF, MTF cutoff and SR decreased initially after surgery, increased thereafter, and recovered to the preoperative levels at 1 month after surgery. Under the scotopic environment (7 mm pupil diameter), MTF and SR returned to preoperative levels at 3 month after surgery (P>0.05), while MTF cutoff returned to preoperative levels at 1 month after surgery. Under the scotopic environment, the MTF values of 20, 25 and 30 c/d spatial frequencies and SR were mainly negatively correlated with age and dark pupil diameter before surgery (Bage=-0.440, -0.409, -0.404, -0.389, all P<0.05; Bdark pupil diameter=-0.404, -0.333, -0.371, -0.368, all P<0.05). The MTF cutoff value and the MTF values of 5, 10 and 15 c/d mainly had a negative correlation with age (B=-0.522, P=0.003; B=-0.403, P=0.008; B=-0.409, P=0.008; B=-0.416, P=0.004). Night vision and glare halo scores had negative correlations with the preoperative dark pupil diameter (B=-0.370, P=0.020; B=-0.417, P=0.013). Conclusions: Visual quality decreased slightly under the photopic and scotopic environments in the early stage after SMILE. The visual quality under the scotopic environment was negatively correlated with preoperative dark diameter and age.

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2021 Vol. 23 (5): 336-342 [Abstract] ( 359 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 807KB] ( 2495 )
343  Study of Complications in 8 600 Eyes after Small Incision Lenticule Extraction
Yunchuan Liu, Zhen Hou, Hongjuan Wang, Ping Zhou
 Objective: To study and analyze the postoperative complications of small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE). Methods: In this retrospective case series study, 4 386 patients (8 600 eyes) with complete SMILE surgical correction data in Jinan Aier Eye Hospital from March 2015 to October 2019 were selected. During and after the operation, the occurrence of complications was analyzed, and a questionnaire survey was conducted. Visual quality was assessed based on the questionnaire survey. Results: Intraoperative complications were observed in 244 eyes (2.84%), including 12 eyes (0.14%) with negative pressure suction ring loss, 154 eyes (1.80%) with an opaque bubble layer (OBL), 25 eyes (0.29%) with microincision hemorrhage, 1 eye (0.01%) with difficulty in finding the corneal matrix lens, and 33 eyes (0.38%) with unplanned lens separation. In addition, there was lens residue in 4 eyes (0.04%), incision tear in 13 eyes (0.15%), and a scanned black area in 2 eyes (0.02%). Postoperative complications were observed in 17 eyes (0.20%), including diffuse lamellar keratitis in the early postoperative period (0.09%), immune keratitis in the middle postoperative period (0.10%), and no intercorneal bacterial infection in any eyes. Three months after surgery, 26 eyes (0.30%) were overcorrected >0.75 D and 1 eye (0.01%) was undercorrected >0.75 D. One eye (0.01%) needed to undergo a second augmentation operation. Postoperative visual quality abnormalities were mainly fog, glare, and halo in the initial postoperative period, which significantly improved over time. At 6 months after surgery, 99.30% of patients were very satisfied as noted in the comprehensive evaluation of the operation. Conclusions: SMILE surgery has few complications in the treatment of myopia, and there was no serious complication affecting vision in this study. SMILE surgery is safe and effective, and patient satisfaction is high.

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2021 Vol. 23 (5): 343-347 [Abstract] ( 293 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3778KB] ( 2394 )
348  Agreement of OPD-Scan III with Pentacam in Measuring Keratometry and Astigmatism
Panpan Li1,You Yuan2,Yuanyuan Tu2,Yu Song1,Ying Wu1
 Objective: To analyze the correlation and agreement of keratometry (K), corneal astigmatism (CA) and the axis measured by OPD-Scan III and Pentacam in patients with low or high CA. Methods: In this case series studies, 876 patients (1 072 eyes) with refractive errors, who were admitted to the Ideal Ophthalmology Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, were recruited from June to December 2019. Patients were divided into low (301 patients) and high (771 patients) CA groups. Keratometry in the flattest axis (K1), keratometry in the steepest axis (K2), CA and axis, vector parameters J0 (the Jackson cross cylindrical values at 0° or 180°) and the Jackson cross cylindrical values at 45° (J45) were evaluated. The measurement results were analyzed, to show in which the axis was the median of the three successive measurements. A t-test or Wilcoxon test was used to assess differences. A Spearman correlation was used to assess correlations. The Bland-Altman method was used to assess agreement. Results: In the low CA group, the differences of K1, K2 and CA measured by OPD-Scan III and Pentacam were significant (t=4.991, P=0.001; Z=2.310, P=0.022; Z=-2.891, P=0.004). The 95% limits of agreement (LOA) of OPD-Scan III and Pentacam in measuring K1, K2, CA, axis, J0 and J45 were -0.31, 0.35 D, -0.32, 0.42 D, -0.32, 0.38 D, -27.86°, 27.96°, -0.19, 0.21 D and -0.18, 0.18 D, respectively. In the high CA group, the differences of K1, K2, CA, axis, J0 and J45 measured by OPD-Scan III and Pentacam were significant (t=-10.763, P<0.001; t=6.046, P<0.001; Z=-2.335, P=0.020; Z=-5.480, P<0.001; Z=-1.997, P=0.046; Z=-6.079, P<0.001). The 95%LOA of the OPD-Scan III and Pentacam in measuring K1, K2, CA, axis, J0 and J45 were -0.27, 0.39 D, -0.34, 0.44 D, -0.44, 0.42 D, -11.15°, 13.55°, -0.25, 0.23 D and -0.25, 0.33 D, respectively. There were significant correlations between the two devices in terms of K1, K2, CA and axis, J0 or J45 in both the low and high CA groups (all P<0.05). Conclusions: OPD-Scan III shows a high agreement with Pentacam in measuring keratometry and the axis in patients with high CA. However, its measurement of CA and the axis in patients with low CA has low agreement with Pentacam.

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2021 Vol. 23 (5): 348-355 [Abstract] ( 342 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1517KB] ( 3075 )
356  Comparing the Effect of Single-Point and Multi-Point Scanning Laser Photocoagulation on Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy
Mengqi Cui, Bin Yuan, Ting Zhang, Nianting Tong, Huimin Gong, Yu Zhang
 Objective: To analyze and compare the effect of single-point and multi-point scanning mode for panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) on retinal structure and function in patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR). Methods: In a retrospective case series study, 57 patients (93 eyes) who were clinically diagnosed as severe NPDR and treated with PRP in Qingdao Municipal Hospital from January 2019 to July 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. Among them, PRP was performed on 27 patients (46 eyes) in single point scanning mode for 3-4 times as a control group. Thirty patients (47 eyes) underwent 532 nm multi-point scanning mode as an observation group, and PRP was performed twice. The therapeutic efficiency rate was calculated based on best corrected visual acuity. Pain was scored according to the numerical rating scale (NRS) on the day after laser treatment. The laser energy, the number of laser spots and the energy density were compared between the two groups. To observe the therapeutic effects, the mean sensitivity in the 30°-60° visual field, a/b-wave amplitude of F-ERG, and the central macular thickness (CMT) were compared between the two groups at 1 day, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after treatment. The non-perfusion area (NPA) was measured at 1 day preoperatively and neovascularization based on fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) was observed at 6 months after treatment. Data were analyzed by a chi-square test, independent-samples t test and repeated measurements analysis of variance. Results: The effective rates of the control group and the observation group were 80% and 85%. The difference was not statistically significant (χ2 =0.36, P=0.55). The postoperative pain score of the observation group was significantly lower than that of control group (t=6.84, P<0.001). There were significant differences in laser energy and energy density between the two groups (t=0.24, P=0.02; t=12.84, P<0.001), but there was no significant difference in the number of laser spots between the two groups. One month and 3 months after treatment, the mean sensitivity in the 30°-60° visual field, a-wave amplitude of F-ERG and the central macular thickness range of the control group and the observation group were significantly different from parameters 1 day before treatment (P<0.001). The amplitudes of the F-ERG b waves at 1 month, 3 months and 6 months after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment (P<0.001). There was no significant difference in NPA 1 day preoperatively. FFA at postoperative 6 months showed no neovascularization or obvious non-perfusion areas in either group. Conclusions: There is no difference in retinal structure and function in patients with severe NPDR treated with 532 nm single-point laser and multi-point scanning mode at 6 months postoperatively. However, the multi-point scanning mode can improve the compliance of patients with a shorter treatment time and less pain.

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2021 Vol. 23 (5): 356-361 [Abstract] ( 332 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 729KB] ( 2254 )
362  The Prevalence and Related Factors of Non-Strabismic Binocular Vision Dysfunction in An Optometry Clinic in Northeastern Sichuan
Yang Liu, Qingqing Tan, Xuan Liao, Yumei Mao, Changjun Lan
Objective: To investigate the prevalence and related factors of non-strabismic binocular vision dysfunction (NSBVD) in patients aged 12 to 35 years in an optometry clinic in northeastern Sichuan. Methods: In a consecutive case series study, 172 volunteers aged 12 to 35 years who sought routine visual examinations in our optometry clinic were recruited. Outcome measurements included subjective refraction, stereopsis, horizontal heterophoria, positive fusional vergence (PFV), negative fusional vergence (NFV), vergence facility (VF), near point of convergence (NPC), monocular accommodative amplitude (MAA), monocular accommodative facility (MAF), monocular estimated method retinoscopy (MEM), and a convergence insufficiency symptom survey (CISS). Based on the measurement results, the prevalence of each classification diagnosis of NSBVD was calculated; correlation analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the related factors of NSBVD. Results: NSBVD accounted for 36.1% of the sample, of which convergence insufficiency was the most common type, with a prevalence of 12.8%. Logistic regression analysis did not show significant associations between the occurrence of NSBVD and gender, age, spherical equivalent (SE), or interocular SE differences. No significant correlation was found between the binocular SE difference and any binocular vision measures. However, a significant negative correlation was found between the SE and distance PFV (r=-0.243, P=0.010), distance NFV (r=-0.247, P=0.009) and CISS score (r=-0.211, P=0.027), and a significant positive correlation was found with NPC (r=0.224, P=0.019). Conclusions: NSBVD is prevalent in people aged 12 to 35 years in the optometry clinic. Age, gender and refractive status are not risk factors for NSBVD. However, several binocular vision measures are associated with the degree of myopia. With the increase in the degree of myopia, the distance fusional vergence ranges increase, the NPC recedes, and the CISS score increases.

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2021 Vol. 23 (5): 362-368 [Abstract] ( 411 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 709KB] ( 2254 )
369  Observation of the Effect of a Press-on Prism on Overcorrected Cases after Intermittent Exotropia Surgery in Children
Jun Yang, Ying Zhang, Xiaolin Yin
 Objective: To study the treatment of secondary esotropia caused by overcorrection of intermittent exotropia in children aged 4-8 years using a press-on prism, and its effect of press-on prism. Methods: In this retrospective study, 38 patients with overcorrection (+5△<strabismus≤25△) 2 months after surgery, aged 4 to 8 years with intermittent exotropia who were treated in the Eye Center of the Second People's Hospital of Ji'nan from July to December 2017 were included. In 38 cases, 1/3 to 1/2 of the residual esotropia was corrected by using a press-on prism. Patients were reviewed every 2 months and the degree of the press-on prism was adjusted according to the eye position. The press-on prism was removed when squint was ≤+5△ and stable after 3 months. Patients were followed up for one year after press-on prism treatment, to observe orthotropism rate (percentage), and far and near stereoscopic vision (median). At each time point, analysis of variance and χ2 tests were used to compare the data. Results: The orthotopic rate 2 months after the treatment was 5%(2/38), and was 45%(17/38) 6 months after the treatment. The orthotopic rate was 71%(27/38) 1 year after the treatment. The normal rate of near stereoscopic vision was significantly higher 6 months after the treatment compared to before treatment (χ2 =3.75, P=0.029).The normal rates of near stereoscopic and far stereoscopic vision was significantly higher 1 year after the treantment compared to before treatment (χ2 =14.53, P=0.025; χ2 =15.57, P=0.022). Conclusions: In overcorrected children with intermittent exotropia aged 4-8 years, wearing a press-on prism can help restore the ocular position and stereoscopic vision function.

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2021 Vol. 23 (5): 369-373 [Abstract] ( 326 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 738KB] ( 2229 )
374  An Analysis of Visual Impairment and Rehabilitation Status of Visually Impaired Students in Five Special Education Schools in China
Lingzhi Ni, Jie Chen, Longfei Jiang, Jiongjiong Hu, Na Lin, Xiaoman Li, Ruzhi Deng
 Objective: To analyze the status of the visual impairment and rehabilitation of visually impaired students in five special education schools, and to explore the related factors affecting the visual rehabilitation of visually impaired students. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. The World Health Organization/problem based learning (WHO/PBL) eye exam record was used to collect the medical history, visual acuity, slit lamp exams, refraction, low vision aid fitting, etc. The classification criteria of visual impairment developed by the WHO in 2003 was adopted. The Wilcoxon signed rank sum test was used to analyze the results. Results: A total of 330 students (660 eyes) were screened in the five special education schools. Of these, 170 students (51.5%) were diagnosed with avoidable blindness or low vision, 115 students (34.8%) had inevitable blindness or low vision, and there was uncertainty about 45 students (13.7%) due to limited screening conditions. Among the 324 visually impaired students screened (six of them refused to undergo a visual test), 93(28.7%) had improvement in presenting distance vision (PDVA) after refraction. The mean LogMAR visual acuity in the better eye increased from 1.44 to 1.19, and the difference was statistically significant based on the Wilcoxon signed rank test (Z=-3.523, P<0.001). The level of visual impairment in 17(5.2%) students could be improved. The distance visual acuity of 122(37.7%) visually impaired students could be improved with far/middle range visual aids. Near visual acuity could be improved in 128(39.5%)visually impaired students with near range visual aids. Among the visually impaired students (category 1-3), the proportion for matching them with distant low vision aids reached 83.7%, 83.3% and 65.3% respectively, and 17.8% of them were no longer considered blind, and 72.2% were no longer considered to have a visual disability. The proportion for matching them with near low vision aids reached 77.6%, 81.3%, 77.6%, respectively, and 22.8% were no longer considered blind and 81.4% were no longer considered to have a visual disability. Conclusions: There is still a lack of systematic eye health screening and visual rehabilitation services for visually impaired students in some special education schools. Some visually impaired students can be treated effectively for blindness and visual disability with refractive correction and the use of low vision aids. Promotion of eye health screening and the use of low vision aids in special education schools can be one of the key parts of rehabilitation work for visually impaired students in the future.

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2021 Vol. 23 (5): 374-379 [Abstract] ( 341 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1036KB] ( 2523 )
380  Investigation of the Work for the Prevention of Blindness Conducted by Medical Institutions at the County Level and above in China
Xiao Xu, Leilei Zhan
 Objective: To assess work on the prevention of blindness conducted by medical institutions at the county level and higher levels in China, and to provide a basis for the development of blindness prevention and treatment as well as eye care work at the 14th Five Year Plan Period. Methods: This was a crosssectional research. All medical institutions at the county level and above providing ophthalmic services were surveyed by online reporting in the year 2015. Descriptive statistics was used for data collection and statistical analysis on the work for the prevention of blindness conducted by medical institutions were divided by region, level, type and ownership. Data comparisons for conduction rate were performed using a chi square test. Results: Among 6 341 medical institutions surveyed, half of them conducted projects for the prevention of blindness, 77.09% of hospitals carried out activities for eye care, and the rate for participating eye disease screening and consultation was above the half. The absolute quantity of medical institutions implementing a variety of activities for the prevention of blindness was highest in the East, while the relative quantity was the lowest there. It varied significantly in regional distribution for hospitals implementing projects for the prevention of blindness (χ2 =42.587, P<0.001). The launching rates for blindness-prevention activities by medical institutions were high in those at the tertiary level and ophthalmic hospitals. Compared to public and for-profit hospitals, average service quantity and serving population were the highest in private hospitals. Conclusions: Overall, service provided by medical institutions is low in blindness prevention and treatment. There is a significant gap among hospitals. The work for the prevention and treatment of blindness urgently needs innovation and development.

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2021 Vol. 23 (5): 380-384 [Abstract] ( 311 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 697KB] ( 2157 )
Case Report
385  
 

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2021 Vol. 23 (5): 385-387 [Abstract] ( 294 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 15692KB] ( 1864 )
388  
 

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2021 Vol. 23 (5): 388-390 [Abstract] ( 303 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4468KB] ( 2422 )
Review
391  An Overview of Color Blindness Correction
Yuyuan Yan, Zhiyong Meng, Jianmin Hu
 Color blindness is a common visual abnormality or deficiency disease that is usually caused by genetic factors. Color blind patients have different degrees of reduced color recognition, which affects their life and work. At present, color blindness optical correction and gene therapy to restore color vision functions need to be verified. And with the development of computer vision science and artificial intelligence, the application of color blindness correction has become a new method. This article summarizes the current treatment and correction methods for color blindness, so that ophthalmologists and computer engineering technicians can have a better understanding of them, which will help to advance the best color blindness correction measures and improve the quality of life of people with color blindness.

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2021 Vol. 23 (5): 391-395 [Abstract] ( 377 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 690KB] ( 3125 )
396  Research Progress in the Role of Dopamine in Form Deprivation Myopia
Xiwen Zhang1, 2, Ruibao Liu1, 2, Bingjie Song1, 2, Yuling Liu1, 2, Yukun Wu1, 2, Xuejing Lu1, 2, 3, 4, 5
 Myopia is a refractive error with the highest incidence in the world, and its trend is increasing, which has become a hot spot in the field of ophthalmology research. Form deprivation myopia is a mature method in experimental myopia. Many studies have reported that dopamine, as a neurotransmitter regulating the growth microenvironment of retina and eyeball, plays an important role in the formation and inhibition of form deprivation myopia through the interaction with dopamine receptors and pathways. In this paper, the effect of dopamine on form deprivation myopia and its biochemical mechanism were discussed, in order to provide a reference for the experimental study of myopia.

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2021 Vol. 23 (5): 396-400 [Abstract] ( 291 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 695KB] ( 2695 )
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