Objective To observe the effect of ametropia on the behavioral characteristics of human microsaccadic eye-movements. Methods Prospective case control study. From October 2010 to March 2011, 17 cases of patients with ametropia and 17 subjects without refractive errors were recruited from the outpatient clinic at Tianjin Eye Hospital. The data were grouped according to the refractive state and whether the tested eye was the dominant eye. Seventeen dominant eyes and 17 non-dominant eyes of ametropic subjects without refractive correction were grouped as group ADa and ANa, respectively; 17 dominant eyes and 17 non-dominant eyes of ametropic subjects with refractive correction were grouped as group ADb and ANb, respectively; 17 dominant eyes and 17 non-dominant eyes of normal subjects were grouped as group ND and NN. A high-speed eye-movement recording system was used to monocularly record the fixational eye-movements of subjects' both eyes. A Matlab was used to detect and analyze the microsaccadic components of eye-movement waveforms. The microsaccadic amplitudes, peak velocities, occurrence rates, inter-microsaccadic intervals of all groups were analyzed and compared using Origin 8.0 and Matlab 2008 statistics. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Turkey's post hoc test was used to compare differences between groups. Results There were no significant differences among the mean microsaccadic amplitudes for all groups. However, the variations in mean amplitudes for group ADa (5.42％±0.26％) and ANa (5.48％±0.25％) were larger than those in group ADb, ANb, ND, and NN and the differences were statistically significant (F=38.67, P＜0.01). The mean peak velocities of group ADa [(55.25±2.40)°/s]and ANa [(54.51±1.77)°/s] were slower than group ADb, ANb, ND, and NN (F=311.84, P＜0.01).The mean occurrence rates of groups ADa [(1.56±0.03)Hz] and ANa [(1.57±0.05)Hz] were lower than group ADb, ANb, ND, and NN (F=155.25, P＜0.01). The mean inter-microsaccadic intervals of group ADa [(557.78±23.12)ms] and ANa [(554.87±22.33)