Objective To compare the difference among changes of the visual quality index that before and after 90 minutes of visual task under four kinds of fluctuation depth lighting environment, to find relationship between visual fatigue and human wave-front aberration. Methods In this research study, 85 adults divided into four groups [5%(20 cases), 15%(22 cases), 30%(23 cases) and 50%(20 cases) fluctuation depth lighting environment] to underwent visual task, the changes of modulation transfer function(MTF), higher order aberrations before and after the visual task were calculated and recorded. Data were analyzed using ANOVA. Results Under 50% fluctuation depth lighting environment, the change of MTF before and after visual task was maximum, visual fatigue degree was highest, and the difference was significant compare with 5% group (P<0.05). The differences of changes of 5th aberration before and afer visual task among the 4 groups were significant （F=2.222，P<0.05）. After visual task under 50% fluctuation depth, vertical coma aberration increased, the difference of change before and after visual task were significant compare with 5% group (P<0.05). Visual fatigue score of 50% group were highest. Conclusion Under 50% fluctuation depth lighting environment, visual fatigue score is highest; MTF changes obviously, so we guess MTF may could reflex human visual fatigue status.