In next decade, the excimer laser corneal refractive surgeries will keep the role of main stream with the continuing development and employment of femto-second laser thin flap,advanced surface ablation, wavefront and topography guided ablation, eyeball online tracking,modified monovision for compensating presbyopia. Pre-operational screening and ruling out sub-clinical keratoconus is crucial for preventing corneal ectasia and secondary keratocouns after corneal ablations.In the correction of extreme high myopia, phakic IOL implantation seems to be superior in visual quality to excimer laser corneal refractive surgeries and can keep the intact corneal biomechanical structure, suggesting that it may be a better surgical option for the treatnent of such eyes.

Objective To compare the features of the laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK)flaps created with the IntraLase FS60 femtosecond laser versus the Femto LDV femtosecond laser.Methods One hundred and twenty eyes of 60 consecutive patients were enrolled in this prospective study and divided into 2 groups depending on the flap creation method: the lntraLase FS60 group (60 eyes) and the Femto LDV group (60 eyes). The expected flap thickness was 110 μm for both groups. Preoperative all patients were routine inspected and recorded relevant information, including age, diopter, corneal curvature and corneal thickness, etc. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography was used to measure the flap thicknesses of the 5 specified measurements in the 0°,45°, 90° and 135° meridians on the corneas, at one week postoperatively. Independent samples t test and single factor analysis of variance were used for data statistics processing. Results At one week after surgery, the central flap thicknesses were (111.2±3.3)μm and (108.1±3.0)μm, respectively;the whole flap thickness were (110.8±2.3)μm and (109.0±2.2)μm, respectively; the rang of variations were (22.0±6.6)μm and (23.7±5.8)μm, respectively, in the IntraLase FS60 group and Femto LDV group. Both groups were not statistically different (P＞0.05 for all). The average thickness values in the central, paracentral and peripheral zones were not significantly different in the IntraLase FS60 group (F=1.213, P=0.300); while the central zone was significantly thinner than the peripheral zones in the Femto LDV group (F=3.925, P=0.021). In the two groups, the nasal and temporal flap thicknesses were not significantly different and the means of the flap thickness in the four meridians were similar. The maximum deviation from the intended flap thickness (110 μm) was 6.2 μm in the IntraLase FS60 group; while the maximum deviation was 6.7 μm in the Femto LDV group. The difference was less than 5 μm was 57.83% (694/1200) in the IntraLase FS60 group, 53.83% (646/1200)in the Femto LDV group. Conclusion Femtosecond laser flaps are accurate and have good repeatability. The architecture of flaps are uniform and regular. The characteristics of LASIK flaps created with the IntraLase FS60 femtosecond laser versus the Femto LDV femtosecond laser are similar.

Objective Discuss the effect of luminance on cyclotorsion and pupil center during Laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). Methods Prospective case series study. One hundred and forty subjects (268 eyes) were selected to receive LASIK operation. During the operation, the brightness of laser lighter was adjusted, rotation angle of eyeballs, diameter and position of pupil centre under high brightness and low brightness was tested using Visx S4 IR examer laser chi-square test and independent samples t test was used. Results Two hundred and fifty-nine eyes (96.6%) rotated, and mainly (69.5%) was extorsion after brightness adjusted. Furthermore, direction-changing occurred in 26 eyes. The rotation angle in most eyes (247 eyes, counted 95.4%) were within 2°. Under the high brightness and dark brightness, pupil centre of most eyes shifting naso-upside, but the discrepancy under different brightness with no statistic difference. Conclusion During LASIK procedures, luminance brightness will cause cyclotorsion and position shifting of pupil centre, therefore, brightness will affect the accuracy of LASIK.

Objective To investigate the distribution of ocular dominance in myopic patients before and after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) surgery, and the effects of the change in ocular dominance. Methods A prospective study was performed on 190 myopic patients (380 eyes) who received LASIK treatment. The dominant eye was identified with the hole-in-the-card test. Before operation, the patients were divided into 3 groups based on anisometropia and ocular dominance.Group A, 154 cases, the spherical equivalent difference was less than 1.75 D between the two eyes;group B, 19 cases, the spherical equivalent difference was 1.75 D or more between the two eyes and the dominance eye with higher diopter; group C 17 cases, the spherical equivalent difference was 1.75 D or more between the two eyes and the dominance eye with lower diopter. Refraction, ocular dominance and visual acuity were evaluated in all patients preoperatively and 1 month postoperatively.As part of the investigation, patients answered questionnaires after the operation. Chi-square test was used to compare the rate of dominance change, independent samples t test was used to compare the difference of measurement data. Results Before LASIK, 125 patients (65.8%) had right-eye dominance and 65 patients (34.2%) had left-eye dominance. After the operation, 92 patients (48.4%)had right-eye dominance and 98 patients (51.6%) had left-eye dominance, with 59 patients (31.1%)changing dominance. In group B, there was a higher rate of change in ocular dominance in eyes with greater anisometropia (47%)compared to groups A (29%) and C (29%) (x2=5.38, P＜0.05).Before operation, the equivalent spherical between dominant eye and the other was without any significant difference. After the operation, the dominant eyes' refractive error was (-0.29±0.89)D,lower than the preoperative dominant eyes (-0.42±0.91)D (t=2.448, P=0.015). The questionnaires did not show any statistically significant differences between dominance change group and no change group. Conclusion This study shows there is a change in ocular dominance after LASIK surgery,especially in those the dominance eye with higher diopter before operation. But the change has few effects on euphoropsia. Therefore, ocular dominance has plasticity after the critical period. The nondominant eyes have a greater degree of myopia than dominant eyes in subjects who had the operation.

Objective To study cases with visual complaints caused by ablation induced decentration after traditional laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) and wavefront-guided LASIK. To evalulate the distribution of higher-order aberrations and the degree of decentered ablation. Methods This was a retrospective case control study. Forty-eight eyes of 40 patients with double vision,starburst and other visual symptoms were checked with WaveScan (3.62 version) after LASIK. All postoperative cases were followed for more than 3 months. Their refractive errors were within ±1.0 D and stable except for overcorrection, under correction, and other eye diseases. The period of observation was (9.3±5.7)months (range: 4-26 months) for the wavefront-guided LASIK group, and (24.1±22.7)months (range: 5-72 months) for the traditional LASIK group. For this study, 28 eyes of 26 patients were selected whose dominant aberrations were vertical or horizontal comas due to decentered ablation after LASIK surgery. Higher-order aberrations in post-LASIK eyes were analyzed.The variations between the ablation center with the pupil center were measured and plotted on the horizontal (X-axis) and vertical (Y-axis) and the vector shift was drawn. The preoperative and postoperative results of the wavefront-guided LASIK group were compared (using a paired samples t test or Wilcoxon signed rank test). The postoperative results for the wavefront-guided LASIK group and tranditional LASIK group were also compared (using an independent samples t test or a Mann-Whitney test). Results The higher-order aberration root mean squares (RMS) value for the postoperative wavefront-guided eyes was (1.262±0.590)μm, which was 1.96 times greater than the average for preoperative eyes. The total coma RMS value of the postoperative wavefront-guided eyes was (0.686±0.315)μm, which was 2.61 times greater than the average for preoperative eyes. There was a 3.51 time increase in vertical coma and a 1.17 time increase in horizontal coma after LASIK.The horizontal coma after LASIK was significantly less than the vertical coma (Z=-2.803, P=0.004).The difference of total higher order aberrations and total coma between traditional LASIK and wavefront-guided LASIK was without any significance, however, the proportion of total coma in total higher order aberrations between the two groups was statistically significant (t=-1.548, P=0.007).Decentered ablation measurement: the mean ablation induced decentration was (0.65±0.38)mm for the right eye and (0.90±0.35)mm for the left eye horizontally (X-axis). The mean for the right eye was (0.80±0.30) and (0.53±0.34)mm for the left eye vertically (Y-axis). The mean ablation induced decentration vector was (1.11±0.25)mm for the right eye and (1.13±0.22)mm for the left eye. For all 28 eyes, the vector shift was ＞0.5 mm, and for 71% of the eyes, ablation centers differed from pupil centers ＞1.0 mm. The vector decentration for LASIK ablated eyes was 2.02 times higher than the population but with no visual symptoms. Right eyes had a more significant pupil shift than left eyes in the vertical direction (t=2.157, P=0.040). Conclusion Total higher-order aberrations and coma aberrations increased significantly in cases with visual symptoms caused by ablation induced decentration after LASIK surgery, with vertical coma increasing more than horizontal coma. The degree of decentration was moderate to severe in these patients. Therefore, decentration is one of the main factors that lead to distorted images after LASIK.

Taking advantage of digital technology and making use of some classic mathematical theory (such as transfer functions, integral transforms, etc.) and computerized technologies (such as machine vision, data mining, digital three-dimensional modeling, etc.), optometry and ophthalmology researchers can enhance and improve methods and tools and make them more quantitative, modeling and digitized in their theory and clinical researchs. New discoveries and breakthroughs may be the resulting.

Objective The objective of this thesis was to design and develop an eye hospital outpatient appointment system and to do a preliminary study of data mining in the system database.Methods The information system was designed on a windows communication foundation multi-layer structure base and developed by using Visual Studio 2008 as development tools and SQL Server 2005 as the background database. The data in this system was processed for a data mining study using Microsoft SQL Server Analysis Services. Results The eye hospital outpatient appointment system that was developed included a hospital booking website, an integrated hospital information system booking management system and a clinic workstation for booking patients with doctors. The data mining revealed that the main factor influencing the appointment rate was the title of the doctor. Conclusion An eye hospital outpatient appointment system can realize three functional modes required for hospital outpatient appointments including telephone booking, intemet booking and hospital booking modes,optimize the booking process, and improve the quality and efficiency of appointment management.Results from data mining can assist the hospital managers to make adjustments for outpatient appointments.

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) has become research hot spot in China. However,due to lack of public knowledge and professionals, prevention and treatment of ROP in China is still in primary stage. We established the website of China Retinopathy of Prematurity Registry, and hope it could make ROP knowledge more public and improve the prevention and treatment of ROP in China.

Objective To study asphericity in the horizontal direction of the anterior corneal surface in high myopia. Methods This was a retrospective case series study. The corneal topographies of 38 cases (right eyes) with high myopia were collected from the Orbscan Ⅱ topography system and the data of the anterior corneal surface in the tangential map were filtered out. The Q-values of the 360 semi-meridians were calculated by linear regression using the tangential radius in corneal topography and the coordinate rotation technique. The data in the range of ±45° around the horizontal principal meridian were then studied. The Q-values of the semi-meridians in intervals of 15° from the principal meridian were selected (the semi-meridians of 315°, 330°, 345°, 0°, 15°,30° and 45° on the nasal side; 135°, 150°, 165°, 180°, 195°, 210°, 225° on the temporal side).The average Q-values of the quadrants of all 15 semi-meridians were calculated (the quadrants of 315°-329°, 330°-344°, 345°-359°, 1°-15°, 16°-30°, 31°-45° on the nasal side; 135°-149°,150°-164°, 165°-179°, 181°-195°, 196°-210°, 211°-225° on the temporal side). All the subjects were divided into two groups according to equivalent refractive power: high myopia group (-6.00-9.00 D,26 cases); ultra-high myopia group (over -9.00 D, 12 cases). Then an independent samples t test was used to compare the differences between the two groups. Results The Q-values of the selected semi-meridians in the horizontal direction: the nasal side, 315° was -0.17±0.05, 330° was -0.22±0.06, 345° was -0.30±0.09, 0° was -0.36±0.08, 15° was -0.37±0.10, 30° was -0.32±0.09, 45°was -0.26±0.10; the temporal side, 135° was -0.26±0.11, 150° was -0.34±0.12, 165° was -0.36±0.12, 180° was -0.38±0.12, 195° was -0.41±0.12, 210° was -0.40±0.10, 225° was -0.36±0.11.The average Q-values of the quadrants: the nasal side, 315°-329° was -0.19±0.05, 330°-344° was -0.26±0.08, 345°-359° was -0.33±0.09, 0° was -0.36±0.08, 1°-15° was -0.37±0.08, 16°-30° was -0.34±0.09, and 31°-45° was -0.30±0.10;the temporal side, 135°-149° was -0.30±0.11, 150°-164°was -0.35±0.11, 165°-179° was -0.37±0.12, 180° was -0.38±0.12, 181°-195° was -0.40±0.11,196°-210° was -0.41±0.11, and 211°-225° was -0.38±0.11. The average Q-values of the quadrants (15° on eac side around the horizontal meridian) for the high myopia group: the nasal side was -0.34±0.09 and the temporal side was -0.35±0.12; for the ultra-high myopia group: the nasal side was -0.31±0.08 and the temporal side was -0.34±0.13. The differences between the two groups (the nasal side: t=-1.058, P=0.297; the temporal side: t=-0.162, P=0.873) were not statistically significant.Conclusion The horizontal direction of the anterior corneal surface is a prolate ellipsoid. This means it becomes gradually flatter from the central to perimeter zone, and the trend declines gradually from the horizontal to oblique meridian. The influence of refractive power on asphericity is quite weak.

Objective To discuss the effect of recombinant human type Ⅲ collagen (RHC-Ⅲ)with nerve growth factor (NGF) on nerve regeneration after transplanting it into the rabbit cornea.Methods This was an experimental study. Sixteen rabbits were randomly divided into group A and group B, 8 rabbits in each group. The right eyes were the experimental eyes. RHC-Ⅲ with 5 ng/mg NGF and RHC-Ⅲ without NGF were implanted into the anterior lamella of the rabbit corneas in each group. One cornea was randomly selected at the 2nd week, 1st month, 3nl month and 6th month after surgery. Photochemical gold chloride impregnations were performed and the regeneration of corneal nerves was observed under light microscopy. The number of the nerve fibers in the corneal epithelium and anterior lamellar layer were calculated at all the time points. Independent samples t test was used to compare the number of fibers for the two groups. Results Nerve staining showed that nerve regeneration was already taking place in the corneal epithelium and anterior lamellar layer in both groups at the 2nd week. At the 1st month, some regenerated nerve fibers in the superficial stroma had formed a network. At the 3rd month, the number of regenerated nerve fibers had noticeably increased in both groups and more networks and lateral branches had formed.Six months later, there were a greater number of regenerated nerve fibers in group A compared to group B, and the structures in group A were more normal. However, some nerve fibers did not regenerate in either group. The numbers of regenerated nerve fibers at the four time points were (6.80±0.84), (11.80±1.10), (25.20±1.30), (42.40±1.82) per 100 times the microscopic field in group A; and (3.00±0.71), (5.80±0.84), (13.20±0.84), (26.60±1.14) per 100 times the microscopic field in group B. There were significant differences in the number of nerve fibers between group A and group B at all the observation points (t=7.76, 9.73, 17.32, 16.47, P＜0.01 for all).Conclusion NGF can improve nerve regeneration in the rabbit cornea after lamellar keratoplasty.

Objective To study the effect of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)on the expression of L-glutamate/L-aspartate transporter (GLAST) protein and its function in the retinal mice at 3 to 7 days postnatal were cultured by an enzymatic digestion method, and the third passage different concentrations of recombinant human BDNF (50, 75, 100, 125 and 150 ng/ml) for 24 h in group and the control group. The expression of GLAST protein was analyzed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and L-[3,4-3H]-glutamic acid uptake was analyzed with independent samples t test. Results The expression of GLAST protein in the control group was 0.151±0.025 and the expression in the BDNF group (50, 75, 100, 125 and 150 ng/ml) was 0.331±0.076, 0.413±0.110, 0.497±0.080, 0.411±0.072, and 0.319±0.084, respectively. Different concentrations of BDNF could up-regulate the expression of GLAST protein compared to the control group (F=6.793, P=0.003).The expression of GLAST protein reached a maximum when the concentration of BDNF was 100 ng/ml.L-[3,4-3H]-glutamic acid uptake for the 100 ng/ml BDNF group and control group was 81 213±significantly higher than for the control group (t=6.462, P=0.023). Conclusion BDNF can up-regulate the expression of GLAST protein and increase extracellular glutamate uptake.

Objective To explore the long-term safety, efficacy and stability of laser epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) and epipolis laser in situ keratomileusis (Epi-LASIK) for the correction of myopia and astigmatism in suspected keratoconus. Methods This was a retrospective clinical study.Thirty-eight patients with 55 eyes suspected to have keratoconus were enrolled in the study. All eyes were myopic, ranging from -3.25 to -7.75 D [(-5.54±2.18) D], cylinder 0 to 3 D[(0.80±0.75)D],with a central corneal thickness of 479 to 605 μm, and stage one keratoconus (KC1) detected by keratography. Refraction and keratograph were stable for at least 2 years in all eyes. Fifty-five eyes successfully underwent either LASEK (38 eyes) or Epi-LASIK (17 eyes). Visual acuity, refraction,and keratograph were checked postoperatively from 6 months to more than 2 years (2 to 5 years).A paired samples t test (normal distribution) and a Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test (non-normal distribution)were used to compare the data before and after surgery. Results More than 2 years postoperatively,uncorrected visual acuity was 1.0 or better in 48 eyes (87.3%), the efficacy index was 1.002; best spectacle-corrected visual acuity remained unchanged or improved in 51 eyes (92.7%), and one line was lost in 4 eyes (7.3%), the safety index was 1.053. Mean spherical equivalent refraction was (-0.11±0.45) D; spherical equivalent refraction was within ±0.50 D in 49 eyes (89.1%) and within ±1.00 D in 53 eyes (96.4%). Myopic refraction and astigmatism more than 2 years postoperatively were not significantly different from 6 months postoperatively (P＞0.05). Mean keratoconus index was 1.08±0.01 preoperatively and 1.02±0.04 more than 2 years postoperatively (Z=-6.098, P＜0.01). There was no obvious haze or keratoeonus progression during the follow-up period. Conclusion Patient's age, myopic refraction, corneal thickness and stability of refraction and keratograph are the key points to determine whether suspected cases of keratoconus can undergo LASEK or Epi-LASIK.LASEK and Epi-LASIK seem to be safe and effective procedures for reducing or eliminating myopia and astigmatism in suspected keratoconus with stable refraction and keratograph. More monitoring is needed to prove long-term safety.

Objective To evaluate the changes in anterior chamber morphology with the Pentacam three-dimension anterior segment analysis system after YAG laser peripheral iridectomy (LPI) in early primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) patients in order to investigate the sensitive parameters of the anterior chamber changes. Methods Prospective control study. Forty-seven eyes of 47 PACG patients (acute PACG 21 eyes and chronic PACG 26 eyes) were enrolled in this study.Pentacam examination was performed before and 2 weeks after LPI to measure the central anterior chamber depth (ACD), the anterior chamber volume (ACV) and the peripheral anterior chamber angle (ACA). Statistical analysis included paired t test and independent samples t test. Results ACD increased significantly from (1.84±0.31)mm to (1.89±0.28)mm and ACV increased significantly from (65.04±20.68)mm3 to (92.19±21.07)mm3 after LPI in PACG (t=-3.10, P=0.003; t=-17.02, P=0.000).There was no statistical significance on the changes of ACA [(23.86±5.96)° vs (25.44±6.38)°, t=1.91,P=0.060) after LPI in PACG. The changes of ACV were (29.76±10.84)mm3 in acute PACG and (23.31±10.07)mm3 in chronic PACG. There was statistical significance between two groups (t=2.09, P=0.040).The changes of ACV were (31.93±11.99)mm3 in the patients without medicine and (18.71±7.06)mm3 in the patients with medicine. There was statistical significance between two groups (t=3.17, P=0.005).Conclusion LPI could increase the ACV and deepen the ACD in PACG. ACV and ACD are the sensitive parameters of the anterior chamber changes with Pentacam. The changes of ACV in acute PACG are more significant than that in chronic PACG. The changes of ACV in patients without medicine are more significant than that in patients with medicine.

Objective To compare the changes of wavefront aberrations of the corneal anterior surface between different clear corneal incision position (incision on the steepest corneal meridian and incision on the superior position) in phacoemulsification. Methods Forty-six patients (62 eyes) were selected and divided into control group (incision on the superior position, 32 eyes of 24 patients)and test group (incision on the steepest corneal meridian, 30 eyes of 22 patients) according to the position of incision. Examinations of the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and corneal topography were carried out before cataract surgery and 1 week, 1 month, 3 months after surgery. Results The differences of BCVA (logMAR) between the two groups before cataract surgery and 1 week, 1 month,3 months after surgery were not significant (P＞0.05). The corneal astigmatism in test group 1 week,1 month and 3 months postoperative were significantly smaller than those of preoperation (P＜0.05).the corneal spherical aberrations (diameter at 5.0 mm and 6.0 mm) in test group 1 week postoperative were significantly smaller than those of preoperations (P＜0.05), the corneal total higher-order wavefront aberrations (HOA) (diameter at 4.0 mm, 5.0 mm and 6.0 mm), coma(diameter at 4.0 mm, 5.0 mm and 6.0 mm), spherical aberrations (diameter at 5.0 mm and 6.0 mm) and trefoil (diameter at 4.0 mm,5.0 mm and 6.0 mm) in test group 1 month postoperative were significantly larger than those of 1 week postoperative (P＜0.05), the corneal trefoil (diameter at 4.0 mm, 5.0 mm and 6.0 mm) in test group 3 months postoperatively were significantly smaller than those of 1 month postoperative (P＜0.05).The axial direction of corneal coma and trefoil in test group and control group 1 month and 3 months postoperative turned to the incision direction obviously. Conclusion The study shows that eyes with incision on the steepest corneal meridian can reduce the corneal astigmatism, and the size and orientation of corneal higher-order wavefront aberrations.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of dry anterior vitrectomy using a 25-Gauge (25-G) vitrectomy system in the management of vitreous loss associated with phacoemulsification. Methods This retrospective review was comprised of the records of 18 patients who underwent dry anterior vitrectomy using a 25-G vitrectomy system to manage vitreous loss resulting from posterior capsule rupture during phacoemulsification. The group consisted of 18 eyes of 18 patients, 13 eyes with age-related cataract, 2 eyes with diabetic cataract,and 3 eyes with combined cataract. Patients ranged in age from 41 to 86 years [mean age (64.8±11.6)years]. All patients had ophthalmic examinations preoperatively, 1 day postoperatively and 3 to 7 days postoperatively. Topical anesthesia was used on 15 patients and paraocular anesthesia was used on 3patients. When finding vitreous prolapse into the anterior chamber, an anterior vitrectomy was performed with a 25-G vitrectomy system using a dry technique to clear the anterior chamber of vitreous. The 25-G vitrectomy system was set on the fastest cutting frequency, 1500 times/min, and suction was 250 mmHg. Intraocular lenses were implanted in the capsule or sulcus, and steroid eye drops were prescribed. The follow-up period was 3-13 months (average 4 months). Additional outcome measurements were best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure, and postoperative complications. Results All procedures were uneventful and all intraocular lenses were primary implants. No intraoperative complications were attributed to the small-gauge instruments. Excluding 2 eyes with pre-existing conditions, 14 of 18 eyes (77.8%) had a final BCVA of 0.5 or better, and 38.9% (7/18) had a final BCVA of 1.0 or better. The other 2 patients with poor postoperative visual acuity were diagnosed with high myopia associated with pathologic change. Transient high intraocular pressure occurred in 4 eyes (22.2%) and was controlled with drugs and/or aqueous humor release in 3 days. Corneal edema was noted in 10 eyes (55.6%) during the first days postoperatively and all recovered in 7 days. Conclusion Dry anterior vitrectomy using a 25-G vitrectomy system is a safe, effective method to manage vitreous loss during phacoemulsification, and it leads to rapid visual recovery.

Objective To study the clinical results of using iris-fixated Artisan intraocular lenses (IOL) in aphakic eyes. Methods This was a retrospective case series study. Forty-six patients who received Artisan IOL implants at the Third People's Hospital of Changzhou from Jan 2008 to May 2010 and had been followed up were included in the study. Their clinical data were collected and analyzed. Of the 46 patients, there were 28 males (28 eyes) and 18 females (18 eyes), aged 25to 49 years, average (32.8±5.2)years. All the surgeries were performed under nerve block anesthesia.Data on the patients' visual acuity, best corrected visual acuity, corneal endothelium density, dilated pupil size, surgically induced astigmatism and complications were collected and the safety as well as the clinical results of the Artisan IOL were analyzed. Data were analyzed with paired t test. Results The average time for Artisan IOL implantation was (19.8±6.6)min. During the follow-up period,transient high intraocular pressure was found in 4 cases (8.7%), focal iris atrophy at the claw was found in 3 cases (6.5%), dislocation of the lens was found in 1 case (2.2%), and the average loss of corneal endothelium was 3.6%. In all, the patient's uncorrected visual acuity was greatly improved;the postoperative best corrected visual acuity was similar to that before the surgery, surgically induced astigmatism was 1.45 D, and after implantation the mean diameter of the dilated pupil was 6.77 mm. Conclusion In an aphakic eye, the iris-fixated Artisan IOL is a safe and efficient option for refractive error correction.

Objective To analyze the clinical ocular features of lymphocytic hypophysitis (LyH). Methods This was a retrospective review of the records of all patients diagnosed with LyH between 1998 and 2008 in our hospital. And their age, gender, ocular clinical and medical symptoms were analyzed. Results There were thirty four consecutive patients with LyH, 13-71 years old [(41.1±13.9)years], 10 males and 24 females. In 34 consecutive patients with LyH, 9 cases (26.5%) had clinical ocular anomalies, 22-59 years old [(44.9±12.8)years], 5 males and 4 females.that included diplopia (6 cases), swollen palpebra (4 cases), and 2 cases each of blurred vision,visual field defect, ptosis, periorbital pain, and dry eye. Extraocular cardinal symptoms included polydipsia and polyuria (22 cases), 7 cases each of headache and amenorrhea, and 2 cases of auditory system damage. The mean age of patients who had LyH accompanied by ocular anomalies was (44.9±12.8) years while the mean age of all patients was (41.1±13.9)years. There was no significant difference in age distribution between the two groups. Among all cases with and without ocular symptoms, there were more females than males (x2=4.03, 9.00, P＜0.05), while there was no significant gender difference in patients with ocular symptoms. Conclusion Some LyH patients have ocular symptom complications. According to our study, the patients who had ocular symptom complications often present with diplopia and/or swollen palpebra. There was no significant age difference between patients with or without ocular symptoms. There was no gender difference in patients with ocular symptoms, but there were more females than males in all patients and in patients without ocular symptoms.

As the post-keratorefractive surgery patient population ages, visually significant cataracts will develop. As surgeons gain experience with cataract extraction in post-refractive surgery patients, they are finding that standard and routine IOL formulas and keratometry can lead to "refractive surprises", which may require subsequent surgical correction. Common results are underestimation of IOL power and unexpected hyperopia in patients who have undergone corneal refractive surgery to correct myopia. This paper reviews the current clinical experience with intraocular lens power determination after cataract surgery in post-keratorefractive patients, provides an overview of possible sources of error in intraocular lens power calculation in these patients, and analyzes methods to minimize intraocular lens power errors and improve accuracy.

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) remains a leading cause of childhood blindness worldwide, although the strategies have improved greatly. Current disease management systems have many limitations. Telemedicine is an emerging technology that has the potential to improve the accessibility and quality of ROP management. However, many challenges remain. In this article, we reviewed the current literature on applications of telemedicine for ROP, and summarized its necessity, feasibility, advantages and challenges for use. We particularly address the diagnostic accurgcy and reliability as well as the cost-effectiveness of telemedicine for ROP. We predict a promising future for implementing this system on mainland China as well as the rest of the world.