Chinese Journal of Optometry Ophthalmology and Visual science

中华眼视光学与视觉科学杂志

Online Review

Email Alert

RSS

Instructions for Authors

Quick Search

Advanced Search

Chinese Journal of Optometry Ophthalmology and Visual science

	2016 Vol.18 Issue.7 Published 2016-07-25

	Editorial Special Articles Original Articles Clinical Experiments Case Reports Review

Editorial

	385	Progress in topography-guided excimer laser corneal ablation
		Bai Ji, Liu Ting
		Corneal topography-guided excimer laser refractive surgery (topo-guided) has been proven to be an effective and safe method to treat irregular corneal astigmatism, which is usually induced by ocular trauma, refractive surgery complications or some corneal diseases. With the development of technology and the improvement of device performance, the indications of topo-guided excimer laser refractive surgery have been expanded. However, the objective of topo-guided is to make the cornea more regular, without taking the aberrations of the whole eye into consideration. Compared to other routine procedures, topo-guided excimer laser sugery has its own characteristics, which should be understood and considered when planning for surgery in order to achieve better performance outcomes.
		2016 Vol. 18 (7): 385-388 [Abstract] ( 582 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 5713KB] ( 2621 )

Special Articles

	389	Topography-guided LASEK with mitomycin C for refractive error following radial keratotomy
		Zhang Yu, Chen Yueguo, Xia Yingjie, Yang Hongyu
		Objective To investigate the safety and efficacy of topography-guided laser-assisted subepithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) in eyes with refractive error that had previously undergone radial keratotomy (RK). Methods This was a retrospective,consecutive case series study. Sixteen eyes of 13 patients with poor visual quality after RK that had previously undergone topography-guided LASEK with mytomycin C (MMC) were reviewed. Patients were divided into a hyperopic group (11 eyes) and myopic group (5 eyes). Spherical equivalent and astigmatism were analyzed using a paired t test, and uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and topography indices were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. Incidence of complications were recorded. Results In the hyperopic group, the respective median UCVAs were 0.22 and 0.09(logMAR) preoperatively and one year postoperatively (Z=-1.732, P＜0.05). UCVA was 0.3 in 9 eyes and 0 or less in 5 eyes. Only 1 eye lost 1 line of BCVA. Preoperative mean SE was +2.63±1.69 D and mean astigmatism was -1.45±0.90 D. Both SEs were significantly decreased 1 year postoperatively (t=5.365, P<0.01; t=-2.359, P＜0.05). At 1 year, 5 eyes were within ±0.50 D, and 9 eyes were within ±1.00 D of best corrected SE. A significant decrease in the index of surface variance (ISV), index of height asymmetry (IHA) and aberration coefficient (ABR) occurred (Z=-1.928, -2.135, -1.827, P＜0.05). In the myopic group, the retrospective median UCVAs were 0.92 and 0.09(logMAR) preoperatively and 1 year postoperatively (Z=-1.863, P＜0.05). UCVA was 0.3 or less in 5 eyes and 0 or less in 2 eyes. No eyes lost a line of BCVA. Preoperative mean SE was -3.63±2.26 D and mean astigmatism was -1.55±0.70 D and both had decreased significantly 1 year postoperatively (t=-3.549, -3.143, P＜0.05). At 1 year, 2 eyes were within ±0.50 D and 5 eyes were within ±1.00 D of best corrected SE. A significant decrease in ISV and IHA had occurred (Z=-1.827, -1.827, P＜0.05). In both groups, postoperative topography showed improvement in the optic zone to some degree. Two eyes showed grade 1 and grade 3 level circle haze, but neither lost any lines of BCVA. Conclusion Topography-guided LASEK with MMC is a safe and effective treatment to correct refractive error with a small or eccentric optic zone after RK.
		2016 Vol. 18 (7): 389-393 [Abstract] ( 526 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 5373KB] ( 2502 )

	394	The effectiveness of topography-guided FS-LASIK in treating asymmetric corneal astigmatism
		Chen Kaijian, Bai Ji, Liu Ting, Ye Jiaxin, Kan Qiuxia, Liu Lina
		Objective To investigate the effectiveness of topography-guided FS-LASIK in treating asymmetrical corneal astigmatism. Methods Forty-one patients (72 eyes) were prospectively enrolled in the study and were treated with FS-LASIK at the Daping Hospital. They were randomly divided into a T-CAT group (37 eyes) that underwent topography-guided FS-LASIK and a WF-optimized group (35 eyes) that underwent wavefront-optimized FS-LASIK. Preoperative and postoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), vertical coma (C7), horizontal coma (C8) and total third order coma were measured and the differences between the two groups were compared with paired t tests or independent t tests. Results The postoperative UCVAs of the T-CAT group and WF-optimized group were 5.03±0.05 and 5.00±0.05, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (t=3.00, P<0.01). Postoperative vertical coma and total third order coma were significantly reduced in the T-CAT group (t=14.801, 8.429, respectively, both P<0.01), and were significantly lower than that for the WF-optimized group (t=-7.799, -6.737, P<0.05). Conclusion Topography-guided FS-LASIK can be an effective treatment for patients with asymmetrical corneal astigmatism. Treatment using this surgical technique significantly improved the visual acuity of patients.
		2016 Vol. 18 (7): 394-398 [Abstract] ( 590 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 5376KB] ( 2462 )

	399	Comparison of corneal topography after topography-guided FS-LASIK and wavefront-optimized FS-LASIK
		Zhang Li, Zhou Yuehua, Xu Wen, Li Ying, Wang Yue, Zhang Qiulu, Liu Jing, Hu Yabin
		Objective To compare the outcomes of topography-guided LASIK and wavefront-optimized LASIK in eyes of patients undergoing femtosecond laser LASIK (FS-LASIK) for myopia with astigmatism. Methods In this prospective clinical study, 44 eyes of 22 patients underwent topography-guided LASIK (topography group) and 43 eyes of 22 patients underwent wavefront-optimized LASIK (wavefront group). The topography treatment was based on data generated by a networked diagnostic device: Wavelight Topolyzer. Visual acuity, refractive error, the index of corneal surface variance (ISV), corneal wavefront aberrations and ablation decentration were evaluated 6 months postoperatively. Data were analyzed using independent t test. Results Six months postoperatively, there were no significant differences in UCVA or BCVA (t=-1.553, -1.570, P>0.05) between the groups. No eyes lost a line of BCVA in either group. There were no statistically significant differences in postoperative average sphere, cylinder refraction or spherical equivalent (SE) between the groups. The postoperative value of ISV increased compared to baseline for both groups (t=5.216, 7.870, P＜0.05). The mean postoperative ISV in the topography group (39.9±13.0) was significantly lower than that in the wavefront group (44.9±12.2) (t=-2.296, P<0.05). The postoperative mean decentration in the topography group (0.24±0.29 mm) was less than that in the wavefront group (0.29±0.31 mm), but the difference was not statistically significant (t=-1.005, P>0.05). There were significant differences in postoperative coma aberrations (Z31) [-0.166±0.357 μm vs. -0.362±0.353 μm, t=2.325, P<0.05] and spherical aberrations (Z40) [0.390±0.263 μm vs. 0.486±0.164 μm, t=-2.096, P<0.05] between the two groups． Conclusion Both topography-guided ablation and wavefront-optimized ablation provide good visual acuity and refractive results, but the former treatment results in a better index of corneal surface variance and induces fewer corneal aberrations.
		2016 Vol. 18 (7): 399-403 [Abstract] ( 537 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4996KB] ( 2556 )

	400	Anterior chamber optical quality evaluation of oculyzer-guided, customized PTK for irregular astigmatism induced by corneal macula
		Hu Yukun, Ma Yimin, Gao Xiaowei, Li Wenjing, Guo Yunlin, Dong Jing
		Objective To evaluate anterior chamber optical quality with oculyzer-guided, customized phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) for irregular astigmatism induced by corneal indentations. Methods This was a retrospective study. Six patients (8 eyes) with corneal indentations who were treated from February 2011 to August 2013 in the Department of Ophthalmology at the 474th Hospital of the Chinese People′s Liberation Army were included in the study. All patients underwent oculyzer-guided, customized PTK and were followed up at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 1 year postoperatively. Postoperative astigmatism, index of surface variance (ISV), index of height asymmetry (IHA), index of vertical asymmetry (IVA), index of height decentration (IHD), corneal aberration, lower order aberrations, higher order aberrations, spherical aberrations (C13), horizontal coma (C8), vertical coma (C9), and clover aberrations (C11) were evaluated after the operation at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year. A paired t-test was used for comparison of the data before and after treatment. Results After 6 months, the astigmatic refractive error was 0.16±0.19 D, and the difference was significant compare with preoperation (t=3.801, P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the C13, C8, C9 or C11. However, the differences in ISV, IHA, IVA, IHD, total aberrations, lower order aberrations, and higher order aberrations were statistically significant (t=-3.452, -4.907, -3.476, -4.353, -4.608, -4.548, -3.770, P<0.05). Conclusion Oculyzer-guided, customized PTK for irregular astigmatism induced by corneal indentation is safe and effective, visual quality improved.
		2016 Vol. 18 (7): 400-404 [Abstract] ( 629 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 6233KB] ( 2513 )

	405	Improvement of visual quality using corneal topography-guided, customized ablation treatment for patients after radial keratotomy
		Liu Ting, Zhu Xiaomin, Kan Qiuxia, Yu Ting, Bai Ji
		Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of topography-guided, customized ablation (T-CAT) in the treatment of corneal surface irregularity, and to objectively evaluate the visual quality of the patients who underwent radial keratotomy (RK). Methods This was a retrospective analysis. Clinical data of 23 cases (38 eyes) of severe irregular morphology of the corneal surface after RK surgery were collected. Among them, four eyes underwent topo-guided PRK and the remaining 34 eyes underwent topo-guided SBK. Patients were tested for uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), spherical equivalent (SE), topography, and intraocular pressure (IOP) before surgery and at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months after surgery for those underwent topography-guided SBK. Patients underwent topography-guided PRK were tested before surgery and 1 month, 3 months, 6 months after surgery. And there were 22 eyes also tested for objective visual quality analysis index (OQAS) before surgery and 3 months after the procedure. The intra- and postoperative complications were examined, and the SE, UCVA, BCVA and OQAS of 22 eyes were also analyzed. The data were analyzed with a paired sample t test. Results During the 6-month follow-up, no eye experienced a decrease in visual acuity. BCVA was 4.8-5.0(4.9±0.1) and UCVA was 4.8-5.0(4.9±0.1). Achieved SE refractions were less than ±1.00 D. The mean SE refractive change between 1 day and 6 months postoperation was -0.51±1.10 D for those underwent topography-guided SBK. The difference in SE refraction between postoperative day 1 and postoperative 6 months was less than 0.5 D in 20 eyes (53%) and less than 1.0 D in 31 eyes (91%). There was a statistically significant difference in the objective visual quality indices at 6 months after surgery compared with preoperative indices (t=-1.70, -2.45, 3.24, P<0.05) for the 22 eyes tested with OQAS. Conclusion T-CAT can provide an effective, safe, predictable and stable improvement for patients with an initial decline in visual quality after RK.
		2016 Vol. 18 (7): 405-408 [Abstract] ( 583 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 6988KB] ( 2190 )

Original Articles

	415	The regulation of human fetal scleral fibroblasts using soluble guanylyl cyclase antagonist in vitro
		Li Chuang, Lyu Yong, Zhao Hong
		Objective To study scleral fibroblast proliferation and type I collagen compound in human fetal scleral fibroblasts (HFSFs) by applying the soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) antagonist (NS-2028). Methods Experimental study. HFSFs were divided into two groups. The experimental group was treated with NS-2028; the control group was not treated. The experimental concentrations were 0.1, 1.0, 10.0, 100.0 μmol/L. After NS-2028 stimulation, the changes in the HFSFs of the control group and experimental groups were analyzed with CCK8, realtime fluorescence quantitative PCR (RTFQ PCR) and immunofluorescence (IF). Results ①The OD value of HFSFs in the control group was 0.82±0.04. The OD values of the four NS-2028 treated groups were 0.81±0.05, 0.83±0.05, 0.85±0.05 and 0.81±0.05, there were no significant differences from the control group (F=0.620, P>0.05). ②The relative transcript levels of COL1A1 mRNA in the the four NS-2028 treated groups were 1.06±0.75, 1.19±0.68, 1.40±0.18, 1.88±0.24, there were significant differences compared to the control group(F=32.138, P＜0.05). ③The relative expression level of COL1A1 in HFSFs increased in the four NS-2028 treated groups compared to the control group. Conclusion NS-2028 plays a significant role in promoting the composition of COL1A1. There may be no significant difference in the proliferation of HFSFs. However, COL1A1 may directly affect HFSFs, delaying the development of myopia.
		2016 Vol. 18 (7): 415-419 [Abstract] ( 582 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 6295KB] ( 2370 )

	420	Pilot study on a quality-of-life scale for school-age children with functional abnormalities in binocular vision
		Ge Rongrong*, Hu Jiali#, Jing Ming, Zhou Zhe, Sun Yan, Gao Yu
		Objective To develop and evaluate a quality-of-life scale (QOL) for school-age children with functional abnormalities in binocular vision, and to evaluate its validity, reliability and responsiveness. Methods This was an investigation study. We designed a scale to evaluate the quality of life of school-age children with functional abnormalities in binocular vision, based on the design principle of the QOL, by statistical analysis, and by a comprehensive analysis of the opinions of experts in the binocular vision and public health fields. One hundred sixteen school-age children with functional abnormalities in binocular vision and 100 with normal vision were evaluated with the scale. Filter items and evaluation of validity, reliability and responsiveness were analyzed with a coefficient of variation, correlation coefficient, factor analysis, stepwise regression analysis, stepwise discriminatory analysis, Krone Bach′s alpha coefficient, test-retest reliability and split half reliability. Results The 20-item scale covered four domains of QOL: binocular vision function, self-care ability, communication ability and psychology. The scale was rated for: Good format validity: Four common factors extracted by factor analysis were consistent with the four domains of the scale. Cumulative contribution rate: The cumulative contribution rate was 53.15%. Factor loading: Each item was above 0.50. Content validity: The correlation coefficient of the score for each item and its domain were more than 0.55. The correlation coefficient for the score of the four domains and the total score were 0.87, 0.48, 0.49, 0.54, respectively. Discriminant validity: The score for children with functional abnormalities in binocular vision differed significantly from the normal group (t=1.97, P<0.01). The score after treatment was significantly different from before treatment (t=1.97, P<0.01). Test-retest reliability: Test retest reliability was 0.98 (P<0.01). Krone Bach′s alpha coefficient: The coefficient was above 0.70. Split-half reliability: The split-half reliability was 0.78 (P<0.01). The effect size statistics: The result of the statistics was 0.53. Conclusion The scale has a satisfactory validity, reliability and responsiveness. It is suggested that the scale can be used in clinical trials.
		2016 Vol. 18 (7): 420-425 [Abstract] ( 506 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 6084KB] ( 2429 )

	426	Contrast sensitivity measured in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy after laser photocoagulation
		He Zifang, Wen Congqin, Li Jirong, Liu Xiaoling
		Objective To investigate contrast sensitivity (CS) in patients with acute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) after laser photocoagulation (LP). Methods This was a prospective self-controlled study. Twenty patients who were diagnosed with acute CSC in one eye were recruited for the study. Among these 20 subjects, there were 17 male and 3 female 40.0±4.3 years old (ranging from 32 to 49). The affected eyes of patients were treated with LP if fundus fluorescene angiography revealed that a leakage lesion was outside of the foveal zone. Patients were followed at 2 and 6 months after LP treatment. The CS and central retinal thickness (CRT) were measured and compared between the affected eyes and the fellow eyes. Results Two months after LP treatment, CS curves were within the normal range in 4 eyes and out of the normal range in 18 eyes. Compared to the fellow eyes, the CS were significantly lower under all spatial frequencies (t=2.428, 6.581, 5.084, 3.461， P<0.05). The CRT of the affected eyes was significantly thinner than that for the fellow eyes(t=5.784, P＜0.01). Six months after LP treatment, the CS curves were within the normal range in 14 eyes of 7 patients and out of the normal range in 13 eyes. The of the affected eyes was lower than that for the fellow eyes in the middle to high spatial frequencies (6, 12, and 18 c/d, t=2.236, 3.359, 3.404， P＜0.05). The CRT of the affected eye was significantly thinner than the fellow eye (t=6.489， P＜0.01). Conclusion Although visual acuity recovers to normal levels 6 months after LP in CSC eyes, CS remains significantly lower than that of the contralateral eye at middle to high spatial frequencies.
		2016 Vol. 18 (7): 426-429 [Abstract] ( 628 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4153KB] ( 2401 )

	430	Preliminary application of a modified LCD visual acuity chart
		Wang Ruiqing， Hu Yuxin， Wu Fan， Yang Defeng， Liu Shu， Wu Huang
		Objective To assess the feasibility of a modified LCD visual acuity chart for practical applications. Methods In this prospective controlled study， 33 members of the medical staff from the ophthalmology department in the Second Hospital of Jilin University， aged 27.4±8.5， 8 males and 25 females， were recruited to check their visual acuity by first using a light box visual acuity chart and then a modified LCD visual acuity chart. All measurements were performed by the same examiner. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Bland-Altman plot were used to evaluate the agreement between the two visual charts. Results Visual acuity measured by the light box visual acuity chart and the modified LCD visual acuity chart was 4.2-5.2(4.9) and 4.2-5.1(4.9)， respectively. No significant differences in any measurements were found between the two visual acuity charts (Z=-0.307， P＞0.05). A Bland-Altman plot showed good agreement between the two measurements; the 95% limits of agreement was -0.168-0.162. Conclusion There is high agreement between visual acuity measurements obtained with the two visual charts. This modified LCD visual acuity chart may have some advantages for certain special patients.
		2016 Vol. 18 (7): 430-432 [Abstract] ( 591 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3131KB] ( 2467 )

Clinical Experiments

	433	Comparison of pre-chop and stop-and-chop techniques in phacoemulsification of hard-nucleus cataract
		Chen Dongbin, Dong Wanjiang*, Liao Wenyong, Yan Rui
		Objective To compare the treatment effectiveness of using a pre-chop method and stop-and-chop method in phacoemulsification for cataracts with a grade IV-V hard nucleus. Methods This was a prospective clinical study. One hundred sixty patients (160 eyes) with hard nucleus cataracts were divided into a test group and control group. The pre-chop method was used in the test group. In this method, the cataract nucleus was chopped into 4 to 6 pieces using a chopper and capsulorhexis forceps, and then processed with phacoemulsification. The stop-and-chop method was used before phacoemulsification for the control group. A foldable intraocular lens was implanted in the eyes of both groups. The average ultrasonic emulsification time (UST), cumulative dissipated energy (CDE), corneal edema (1 days postoperatively) and patient vision (1 and 7 days postoperatively) were compared between the two groups. A t test and rank sum test were used to analyze the data. Results The test group′s average UST and CDE were lower than that of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (t=-35.69, -7.49, P＜0.01). There were significant differences for both corneal edema on day one (Z=-3.117, P＜0.01) and vision capacity (C2=18.95, P＜0.01) between the two groups. But the differences in vision capacity at seven days were not significant (P＞0.05). Conclusion In cataract surgery for a hard nucleus, the pre-chop method can effectively reduce the amount of ultrasound energy needed for chopping and grooving and shorten UST. Corneal edema is alleviated with fewer complications and quick vision recovery. This is a worthwhile clinical application and should be promoted.
		2016 Vol. 18 (7): 433-435 [Abstract] ( 702 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3105KB] ( 2461 )

Case Reports

	436


		2016 Vol. 18 (7): 436-437 [Abstract] ( 492 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2457KB] ( 2189 )

	438


		2016 Vol. 18 (7): 438-439 [Abstract] ( 454 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2968KB] ( 2367 )

Review

	442	The effect of glutamate and the NO-cGMP signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of myopia

		Glutamate is the most prevalent excitatory neurotransmitter that exists in the visual pathway. The NO-cGMP signaling pathway is a classic signaling pathway that transfers intercellular and intracellular information, regulates cellular function and is closely related to retinal visual signal transfers. It is known that glutamate and its receptors affect the occurrence and development of myopia through the regulation of the NO-cGMP signaling pathway. The protein and mRNA expression levels of NMDAR1 in guinea pig eyes with form deprivation myopia significantly increased, with an increase in the mRNA of ncNOS and cGMP content. NMDA1 receptor antagonist MK801 injected into the vitreous cavity can inhibit the up regulation effect, which could slow down the excessive growth of axial length and inhibit myopia. In this paper, we review the mechanisms of the regulation of glutamate receptors and the NO-cGMP signaling pathway in myopia, which provide an insight into the pathogenesis of myopia and clinical ideas for the effective prevention and treatment of myopia.
		2016 Vol. 18 (7): 442-442 [Abstract] ( 440 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 5520KB] ( 2331 )

	443	Role of the scleral extracellular matrix in the development of myopia
		Tian Tian, Zhu Huang
		The sclera is the final target tissue in myopia. The biological and biomechanical changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM) during the onset and development of myopia are significant. Numerous studies confirm that the initial remodeling of scleral ECM is a key part in the progression of myopia. Exploring the scleral ECM remodeling mechanisms as well as the regulation of the ECM remodeling process to control myopia has become a hot topic. Recent research related to the scleral ECM in myopia is reviewed in this paper.
		2016 Vol. 18 (7): 443-445 [Abstract] ( 495 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3858KB] ( 2697 )

	446	Progress in IFN-α treatment of uveitis patients with Behcet′s disease
		Cai Li*, Gao Wei, Wang Yingwei, Wang Yusheng
		Behcet disease (BD) is a chronic, recrudescent, systemic disease which involves multi-organ. Uveitis caused by BD is a common type of uveitis inducing blindness in China. There is no radical cure for this kind of uveitis at present. IFN-α is a kind of cytokine which has multiple biological effects. It has a dual immunomodulatory activity, and has been applied to uveitis patients with BD disease in recent years. Clinical investigation has found IFN-α treatment is effective in controlling the progress of BD uveitis, reducing the frequency of disease recurrence. For the BD uveitis patients who are resistance to normal steroids and immunosuppressive drugs, IFN-α treatment will bring new hope. Otherwise, the mechanism and long-term effect of IFN-α treatment need more clinical studies.
		2016 Vol. 18 (7): 446-448 [Abstract] ( 508 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4139KB] ( 2311 )

News

More...

Dwonload

More...

Links

More...

Copyright @ 2013 Chinese Journal of Optometry Ophthalmology and Visual Science
Tel:86-577-86699366 fax: 86-577-86699366 Email:zhysgx@vip.126.com
Supported byBeijing Magtech
Total visits ：