Chinese Journal of Optometry Ophthalmology and Visual science

中华眼视光学与视觉科学杂志

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Chinese Journal of Optometry Ophthalmology and Visual science

	2020 Vol.22 Issue.9 Published 2020-09-25

	Orignal Article Case Report Editorial Review Lecture

Editorial

	641	The Importance to the Association between Myopia and Glaucoma
		Yehong Zhuo, Jian Ge
		The present article reviews the crosslink between myopia and glaucoma, raising important issues yet to be demonstrated, and offering potential research directions. The areas in the present article include the correlation between different types of myopia and glaucoma and the research status of genetic, structural and functional fields. Ultimately, a better understanding of myopia and glaucoma and breakthroughs in the integrated interdisciplinary field may lead to improved intervention strategies in the future.
		Guide:
		2020 Vol. 22 (9): 641-644 [Abstract] ( 331 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 849KB] ( 2718 )

Orignal Article

	645	The Effect of Axial Length on Optic Disc and Macular Vessel Density in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma
		Peng Lu, Hailiu Chen, Hui Xiao, Dan Ye, Yuxun Shi, Jingjing Huang
		Objective: To investigate the effect of axial length on optic disc and macular vessel densities (VDs) in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods: Patients with POAG were consecutively recruited in this case-control study from June 2019 to November 2019 in Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center. Eyes with POAG were divided into 2 groups based on a medium axial length (ranging 22.51-25.50 mm) and a long axial length (>25.51 mm). Then the two groups were matched by age and severity of glaucoma. Only one eye in each participant was selected. A total of 42 eyes of 42 patients were enrolled in the medium axial length group, and 37 eyes of 37 patients were enrolled in the long axial length group. All participants underwent visual field, OCT and OCTA examinations. Both radial peripapillary capillary vessel density (RPC VD) and macular superficial VD were evaluated with OCTA. A Student's t test and Pearson correlation were used for analysis. Results: The ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness of the long axial-length eyes with glaucoma was lower by a statistically significantly amount than in the medium axial-length eyes with glaucoma (74.5±9.6 μm vs. 80.5±13.6 μm; t=2.244, P=0.028), while there was not a statistically significant difference in retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness between these two groups. All macular VD parameters, including whole-image VD, parafoveal VD, perifoveal VD, were lower in the long axial-length eyes than in the medium axial-length eyes. A statistically significant difference was only found in the temporal perifoveal VD (t=2.235, P=0.028). The overall average and all quadrants of RPC VD between groups did not have a statistically significant difference (all P>0.05). Axial length had a statistically significant negative correlation with GCC and macular VD parameters (axial length and GCC: r=0.333, P=0.003; axial length and macular VD parameters: r ranged from -0.333 to -0.282, all P<0.05), while no statistically significant correlation between axial length and RPC VD was found. Conclusions: Axial length elongation in POAG eyes can damage the macular structure and vessel density, while it has little effect on optic disc vessel density.
		2020 Vol. 22 (9): 645-651 [Abstract] ( 378 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 789KB] ( 3104 )

	652	The Relationship between Corneal Biomechanics, Biomechanically Corrected Intraocular Pressure and Refractive Status in Chinese Juveniles
		Wen Long, Zhouyue Li, Yin Hu, Dongmei Cui, Feng Zhao, Junwen Zeng, Xiao Yang
		Objective: To explore the relationship between corneal biomechanics, biomechanically corrected intraocular pressure (bIOP) and refractive status in Chinese juveniles. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center between November 2017 and February 2018. A total of 325 Chinese juveniles, aged 7 to 18 years with a spherical equivalent (SE) refraction between -10.25 and +16.50 diopters (D) were included. Axial length (AL) was measured using an IOLMaster. Corneal biomechanical metrics and bIOP were measured using a Corvis ST, and corneal biological parameters were measured using a Pentacam. Participants were divided into 4 groups: high myopia, low-to-moderate myopia, emmetropia, and hyperopia based on the right eye SE. Differences in corneal biomechanical characteristics among the 4 groups were analyzed by covariance analysis, while differences in bIOP were analyzed by ANOVA. Results: Higher myopic SE was significantly correlated with faster corneal velocity during the second applanation moment (VA2, r=0.180, P=0.001), the longer peak distance (PD, r=-0.273, P<0.001) and larger deformation amplitude (DA, r=-0.167, P=0.002). A longer AL was significantly correlated with a faster VA2 (r=-0.138, P=0.021) and longer PD (r=0.355, P<0.001). There were significant differences among the 4 groups in PD (F=9.372, P<0.001), DA (F=4.425, P=0.005), and VA2 (F=4.961, P=0.002). Further study found that the PD, DA and absolute value of VA2 successively decreased in high myopia, low-to-moderate myopia, emmetropia, and hyperopia groups (all P<0.05). The differences in the stiffness parameter at the first applanation (SP-A1) in high myopia (102.04±19.59) and low-to-moderate myopia groups (98.95±16.62) were not significant (P>0.05), while the SP-A1 of the lowto-moderate myopia group was significantly greater than that of the emmetropia (107.49±18.66, P=0.010) and hyperopia groups (108.98±20.20, P=0.004). There was no significant correlation between intraocular pressure (IOP)/bIOP and SE. Conclusions: Corneal stiffness seems to decrease with a higher myopic SE in Chinese juveniles aged 7 to 18 years. IOP, whether it was corrected by corneal biomechanics or not, is not related to refractive status.
		Guide:
		2020 Vol. 22 (9): 652-658 [Abstract] ( 328 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 820KB] ( 4022 )

	659	Correlation between Intraocular Pressure and Myopia in Children
		Shifei Wei1,Shiming Li1,Ran Yan1,Yawen Bai1,Jiahe Gan1,He Li2,Luoru Liu2,Changbin Zhai1,Ningli Wang1
		Objective: To study the relationship between intraocular pressure (IOP) and myopic refractive error in children. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. A total of 2 126 grade 6 primary school students from the Anyang Childhood Eye Study, with an average age of 12.2±0.4 years, were included. The study was conducted in Anyang, Henan Province, from March to July 2017. Cycloplegic refraction was measured using an autorefractor, and spherical equivalent (SE) was calculated. IOP was examined by non-contact tonometry. Ocular biometry, including axial length, central corneal thickness, anterior chamber depth, and lens thickness, was measured using Lenstar LS900. IOP levels were divided into low (IOP<14 mmHg), moderate (14 mmHg≤IOP≤16 mmHg), and high (IOP>16 mmHg) using population tertiles. Emmetropia was def ined as SE between -0.5 and +0.5 D, hyperopia as greater than +0.5 D, and myopia as SE less than -0.5 D. Low myopia was defined as -0.5 D≤SE<-3.0 D, moderate myopia as -6.0 D≤SE<-3.0 D, and high myopia as SE<-6.0 D. Only the data for the right eye was used. The relationship between IOP and refractive errors was analyzed using an independent samples t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a post hoc Scheffé test and linear regression analysis. Results: The IOP of all subjects was 15.06±3.40 mmHg, and the SE was -1.36±2.08 D. The myopic refractive error in the low, moderate and high IOP level groups gradually increased and the difference was statistically significant (F=3.863, P=0.021). The SE (-1.22± 1.96 D) in the low IOP level group was significantly lower than the SE (-1.52±2.22 D) in the high IOP level group (P=0.021). The difference in IOP among different categories of refractive errors was statistically significant (F=2.695, P=0.029). The lowest IOP was 14.77±3.31 mmHg in the hyperopia group, and the highest IOP was 16.32±3.55 mmHg in the high myopia group. The IOP difference between the two groups was 1.55 mmHg (P=0.047). Using IOP as the dependent variable, the linear regression model after adjusting for other covariates showed that a higher IOP was significantly associated with a higher degree of myopia (β=-0.168, P=0.013). Conclusions: A higher intraocular pressure is significantly associated with a higher degree of myopia. Intraocular pressure may play a role in the development of myopia in children, but the causality still needs further study.
		2020 Vol. 22 (9): 659-664 [Abstract] ( 347 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 875KB] ( 3465 )

	665	Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Open-Angle Glaucoma after Refractive Corneal Ablation Surgery
		Yu Tang1, 2, Xiang Fan1,Minshu Wang1,Lingling Wu1
		Objective: To observe the clinical characteristics of open-angle glaucoma patients with a history of refractive corneal ablation surgery (RCAS). Methods: This retrospective study reviewed and recorded the general situation and special examination results of open-angle glaucoma patients with a history of RCAS in Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital from 2005 to 2018. One eye of patients with a poorer visual field, or patients with a similar visual field was randomly selected for study. The patients who were followed up for more than 2 years were analyzed. NPA was used to analyze visual field progression. An independent samples test and rank sum test were used for analysis. Results: Thirty-three patients were included. The diagnosis of glaucoma was made after RCAS. The interval from surgery to glaucoma diagnosis was10.3±6.1 years. The age at diagnosis was 37.5±10.4 years. The highest intraocular pressure was less than 21 mmHg in 27 patients (82%). Central corneal thickness was 456±47 μm. Fundus photography showed a retinal nerve fiber layer defect in 18 patients (55%), unrecognized in 15 patients (45%); cup/disc ratio was 0.7±0.1. There were 18 patients (55%) with a visual field MD of less than 6, 8 patients (24%) of 6-12, and 7 cases (21%) of 12 or more. Twenty-one patients were followed up for more than 2 years with an average follow-up time of 4.5±2.2 years. There were 13 cases (62%) of visual field progression with an average rate of 0.5±0.6 dB/year. After treatment, the IOP in the visual field progressive group and the non-progressive group were 28.3%±20.7% and 15.4%±11.0%, respectively (t=-1.867, P=0.078). There were 12 cases (12/14) of visual field progression in the refractive regression group and 1 case (1/7) in the non-regression group (P=0.003). The visual field progression in the refractive regression group was 0.7±0.7 dB/year faster than that in the non-regression group 0.1±0.1 dB/year (t=-2.899, P=0.011). Conclusions: Most of the patients with glaucoma after excimer surgery were diagnosed in the early and middle stages of the disease. Four-fifths patients had an IOP below 21 mmHg. Fundus photography can identify only half of the cases of retinal nerve fiber layer defects. About two-thirds of patients with visual field deterioration during follow-up may be related to refractive regression.
		Guide:
		2020 Vol. 22 (9): 665-670 [Abstract] ( 353 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 852KB] ( 2559 )

	676	Early Regulation of the Early Growth Response Gene-1 on Lens Epithelial Cell Inflammation and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition after Cataract Surgery in Mice
		Fei Yao1, 2, Xiaobo Xia1, 2, Jian Jiang1, 2
		Objective: To study the early growth response gene-1 (EGR1) on the inflammatory response of lens epithelial cells (LECs) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) after cataract surgery in mice. Methods: In this experimental study, 10-16 week-old EGR1 knockout mice (EGR1-/-) and wild-type mice (WT) were chosen for cataract surgery, and were sacrificed at 0 h, 3 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 4 d, and 5 d after modeling. The eyeballs were harvested for frozen section. Immunofluorescence staining was used to observe the expression of the EGR1 protein, CD11b, LCN2, CXCL1 and αSMA in the lens capsule and the fluorescence intensity was quantified by Image J. A paired t-test and one-way analysis of variance were used for comparison between groups and within groups. Results: The expression of the EGR1 protein in LECs after modeling in WT mice was up-regulated, as well as the expression of the inflammatory markers (CD11b, LCN2 and CXCL1). No difference in the level of EGR1 protein was observed in EGR1-/- mice after modeling, and the levels of CD11b, LCN2 and CXCL1 in the EGR1-/- mice were significantly lower than those in the WT mice (all P<0.01). In addition, the expression of αSMA (a marker of EMT) and the number of tangible cells in the lens capsule of EGR1-/- mice were also significantly less than those of WT mice (72 h, 4 d and 5 d after modeling, all P<0.05). Conclusions: Cataract surgery canactivate EGR1 in LECs at an early stage after surgery. Activated EGR1 participates in regulating the inflammatory response and the EMT of LECs. Knocking out EGR1 can reduce the above-mentioned inflammatory response and EMT.
		2020 Vol. 22 (9): 676-682 [Abstract] ( 349 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2920KB] ( 2571 )

	683	Dose-Dependent Effect of Mouse Nerve Growth Factor Eye Drops on Corneal Nerve Regeneration in Rabbits after LASIK
		Lu Jiang1, 2, Ye Yu1,Meng Lin1,Qianwen Gong1,Zhiqiang Xu1,Liang Hu1
		Objective: To investigate the effect of different concentrations of mouse nerve growth factor (mNGF) in eye drops on rabbits' central corneal nerve regeneration after laser in situ keratomileusis. Methods: In this experimental study, 39 New Zealand white rabbits were included and randomly assigned to 5 groups: normal saline group (normal saline, 7 rabbits, 14 eyes), hycosan group (0.1% hycosan, 8 rabbits, 16 eyes), NGF50 group (50 µg/mL, 8 rabbits, 16 eyes), NGF100 group (100 µg/mL, 8 rabbits, 16 eyes) and NGF200 group (200 µg/mL, 8 rabbits, 16 eyes). Central corneal subbasal nerve densities (SNDs) and superficial stroma nerve densities (SSNDs) were measured by confocal microscopy Ⅲ and were compared before surgery, 1 week, 1 month, 2 months and 3 months after surgery. Repeated measures and one-way analysis of variance were used for comparing the differences between different time points for these groups. Results: The differences in preoperative SNDs and SSNDs in the normal saline group, hycosan group, NGF50 group, NGF100 group and NGF200 group were not statistically significant (F=1.371, P=0.252; F=0.372, P=0.828). Compared with preoperative values, all nerve parameters of the 5 groups decreased at 1 week (all P<0.05) postoperatively, but the differences among the 5 groups were not statistically significant (F=1.905, P=0.119; F=0.923, P=0.455). SNDs in the NGF100 group and NGF200 group were significantly higher than in the other 3 groups at 1 month after surgery (all P<0.05); SNDs in the NGF200 group were significantly higher than in the other groups at 2 months and 3 months postoperatively (all P<0.05). SSNDs in the NGF200 group were significantly higher than in the other groups at 1 and 2 months after surgery (all P<0.05). At 3 months after surgery, SSNDs in the NGF200 group were significantly higher than those in the NGF50 group and the 2 nonNGF groups (all P<0.05). The NGF50 group and NGF100 group had higher densities than the 2 non-NGF groups (all P<0.05). Conclusions: mNGF eye drops have a significant effect on promoting corneal nerve repair in different periods following LASIK, and the effect is highest in the NGF200 group.
		Guide:
		2020 Vol. 22 (9): 683-690 [Abstract] ( 336 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2877KB] ( 2485 )

	691	Effect of Cold Compress Therapy on Patients after Transepithelial Excimer Laser Keratectomy
		Weiyang Sun1, 2, Xiangyang Zhao2,Guofu Chen2,Yuqing Miu2,Qinmei Wang2,Fangjun Bao2,Ye Shen1
		Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of cold compresses on eye masks after transepithelial excimer laser keratectomy (TPRK) to relieve postoperative discomfort. Methods: This was a prospective randomized controlled study. Eighty seven patients undergoing TPRK surgery in the Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University at Zhijiang were randomly divided into a cold compress group and a control group from October 2018 to April 2019. The right eye was selected for observation in both groups. The cold compress group was given a 4 ℃ frozen silicone eye mask ice pack for 20 minutes during the postoperative observation period, and the rest was treated the same as the control group. The control group was routinely treated with no cold compress. Filled in the eye discomfort scale at 2 h, 1 d, 2 d, 3 d, and 5 d after surgery at a relatively fixed time each day, including blurred vision, photophobia, foreign body sensation, tearing, eye pain, itching, secretions and other postoperative discomforts. Corneal epithelial healing, vision, equivalent sphericity, haze, MTF cutoff, OSI and other indicators were evaluated on the 5 d, 12 d, 1 month and 3 months after surgery. Data were analyzed by repeated measures of variance, and independent sample t test. Results: At 2 hours after surgery, the photophobia, foreign body sensation, and eye pain scores between the two groups. There were statistically significant differences between the two groups (F=15.93, P<0.001; F=9.52, P=0.003; F=13.57, P<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in blurred vision, tearing, itching, and secretions between the two groups. At 1 day after surgery, there was a statistically significant difference in visual blur between the two groups (F=9.69, P=0.003). There was no statistically significant difference in indicators of photophobia, foreign body sensation, tearing, eye pain, itching, and secretions. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups at 2 days, 3 days, and 5 days after surgery. There were no significant differences in corneal epithelial healing, UCVA, equivalent spherical power, and corneal subepithelial haze between the two groups at 5 d, 12 d, 1 month, and 3 months. There was no significant difference in objective optical quality assessment between the two groups at 3 months after surgery. Conclusions: TPRK postoperative cold compress therapy can improve early postoperative pain, photophobia, and foreign body sensation. It has no significant effect on long-term vision recovery, and has no negative effect on corneal epithelial repair and visual quality recovery.
		Guide:
		2020 Vol. 22 (9): 691-696 [Abstract] ( 313 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 702KB] ( 2706 )

	697	Validity of Presbyopic Addition Lenses Based on Clouclip
		Dian Zhou1, 2, Xiaoning Li2, 3, Lun Pan2,Haoran Wu1, 2, Hong Zhong2,Zhikuan Yang1, 2, 3
		Objective: To evaluate the validity of the presbyopic prescription based on Clouclip (Glasson Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, China). Methods: A total of 181 subjects aged 28-60 years old with normal BCVA were included in the cross-sectional study. Refractive errors were corrected using frame glasses. Clouclip was used to monitor the habitual reading distance of subjects and the near addition (ADD) was calculated with habitual reading distance. The ADD was tested by both the traditional method and Clouclip. The habitual reading distance was tested first, then the ADD of Clouclip was calculated based on habitual reading distance. Subjects were divided into a pre-presbyopia group (<40 years old) and a presbyopia group (≥40 years old) according to age. Subjects also were divided into a myopia group (<-0.50 D) and emmetropia group (-0.50- +0.50 D) based on refractive error. A factorial design ANOVA was used to analyze the influence of age and refractive error on habitual reading distance. A paired t-test, association analysis and Bland-Altman analysis were used to evaluate the consistency of traditional ADD and the ADD of Clouclip. Results: In all subjects, the presbyopic group had a farther reading distance than the pre-presbyopic group (0.37±0.06 m vs. 0.38±0.06 m, F=5.51, P=0.02), and the habitual reading distance was not affected by refractive status (F=1.48, P=0.23). The ADD of Clouclip was highly correlated with the traditional ADD (r=0.74, P<0.001). The Bland-Altman analysis showed that the average deviation was only -0.08 D. Conclusions: The habitual reading distance is affected by presbyopic status. The ADD of Clouclip is highly consistent with the traditional ADD. The method of using Clouclip to calculate ADD is an objective, accurate and personalized method for presbyopic prescriptions.
		Guide:
		2020 Vol. 22 (9): 697-701 [Abstract] ( 321 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 719KB] ( 2627 )

	702	Study of the Association between Myopia and Diabetic Retinopathy
		Zhong Lin1,Liang Wen2,Gang Zhai2,Yu Wang2,Dong Li2,Xiaoxia Ding2,Kemi Feng1,Yuanbo Liang1,Jun Wang2,Cong Xie2
		Objective: To investigate the association between myopia and diabetic retinopathy (DR) using the bilateral asymmetry of the DR level. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. The DR and diabetic macular edema (DME) levels of patients from Fushun Diabetic Retinopathy Cohort Study (FS-DIRECT) were classified according to the standards of the early treatment diabetic retinopathy study (ETDRS). The DR levels included no DR, mild nonproliferative DR (NPDR), moderate NPDR, severe NPDR, and proliferative DR (PDR). A total of 388 patients (776 eyes) with bilateral asymmetry of the DR level (at least 1 level, 314 patients, 628 eyes), or with unilateral DME (74 patients, 148 eyes) were enrolled. Myopia and high myopia were defined as spherical equivalent (SE) <-1 D and <-5 D, respectively. Paired t-tests were used to compare the SE between the better eyes and worse eyes, and the McNemar paired tests were used to compare the proportion of myopia and high myopia between the better eyes and worse eyes. Results: The mean age of these 388 patients was 60.6±8.5 years, and 147 were males (37.9%). The majority of bilateral asymmetry of the DR level was one level (297, 76.5%). The SE of the better eye was more myopic (-0.22±2.24 D vs. 0.00±1.95 D, t=3.01, P=0.003), and the proportion of high myopia was higher (4.4% and 2.1%, χ2 =6.23, P=0.01) than that of the contralateral eye. When classified according to the DR level of the better eye, the SE of the better eye among NPDR patients was more myopic (-0.37±2.76 D vs. 0.14±1.89 D, t=2.57, P=0.01), and the proportion of high myopia was higher (7.8% and 1.1%, χ2 =6.00, P=0.01) than that of the contralateral eye. There was no significant difference in refractive parameters between the better eyes and worse eyes in patients without DR or DME. Conclusions: The present study further confirms the negative association between high myopia and DR by using the bilateral asymmetry of the DR level.
		Guide:
		2020 Vol. 22 (9): 702-706 [Abstract] ( 353 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 716KB] ( 2684 )

	671	The Change in Intraocular Pressure with Different Positions of Gaze in Myopia
		Fangyuan Chen1, 2, Junjie Tang1, 2, Disheng Chen3,Xiaojuan He1,Bohan Fang2,Xin Li2,Qing Zhou1
		Objective: To study the change in intraocular pressure with different positions of gaze in myopia groups. Methods: This was a series case study of myopic subjects who were recruited in Jinan University from December 2019 to January 2020. They were divided into three groups: Low myopia, moderate myopia and high myopia according to the spherical equivalent (SE). Routine eye examinations were performed, includimg axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), central corneal thickness (CCT), corneal curvature K1-value (K1) and corneal curvature K2-value (K2). The iCare rebound tonometer was used to obtain the primary intraocular pressure (IOPP) in the relaxed state and the average binocular intraocular pressure at 9 different positions of gaze after 5 minutes (including convergence, upward, downward, leftward, rightward, left upward, left downward, right upward and right downward). Subjects rested for 5 minutes after testing at each position of gaze. An independent t-test, analysis of variance and association analysis were used to analyze data. Results: A final 60 volunteers (60 eyes) were involved in the study, including 21 eyes, 28 eyes, and 11 eyes in the low, moderate, and high myopia groups, respectively. There was no significant difference in data between the two eyes so the right eye was chosen in this study (t=0.835, P=0.406). There was a statistically significant difference in AL and spherical equivalent (SE) among the three groups (F=139.789, P<0.001; F=21.917, P<0.001). But there was no significant difference in the remaining parameters. After 5 minutes of gazing, there was no significant difference in the change in intraocular pressure between the three groups at the nine positions of gaze. No statistically significant correlations were observed in the three groups between the IOPP or intraocular pressure during the downward gaze position (IOPD) and SE. The correlation between IOPP and AL was not statistically significant in the three groups. No statistically significant correlations were observed in the low or moderate myopia groups between IOPC (convergence) and SE, contrary to high myopia (r=0.713, P=0.014). Conclusions: There is no difference in intraocular pressure between positions of gaze and primary intraocular pressure. There is no correlation between primary intraocular pressure and myopia in this study, but high myopes are advised to avoid spending long periods of time on near vision work.
		Guide:
		2020 Vol. 22 (9): 671-675 [Abstract] ( 339 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 691KB] ( 3136 )

Lecture

	707	Procedures and Protective Strategies for Corneal Refractive Surgery during Virus Outbreaks
		Changbin Zhai, Shiming Li, Fengju Zhang, Ying Qi, Pengfei Zhao, Xu Gao, Ning Guo, Lanlan Shang, Yue Wang, Wenbin Wei
		At present, the prevention and control of viral infectivity has achieved initial results, and many areas have returned to work. Beijing is the capital of China. After the Spring Festival, there are many people returning to Beijing and many people entering Beijing from abroad. While doing our best to prevent and control the epidemic in Beijing, we strictly followed the protection policy, took scientific measures to avoid the risk of cross-infection, and carried out corneal refractive surgery in an orderly and small amount. This paper introduces the procedures and protective strategies of corneal refractive surgery in Beijing Tongren Hospital, so as to provide reference for medical personnel in related fields.
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		2020 Vol. 22 (9): 707-710 [Abstract] ( 285 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 860KB] ( 2498 )

Case Report

	711	Congenital Ectropion Uveae and Secondary Iris Neovascularization: A Case Report


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		2020 Vol. 22 (9): 711-713 [Abstract] ( 320 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 6989KB] ( 2273 )

	714	Intravitreal Lucentis Combined with Triamcinolone Acetonide for the Treatment of Cystoid Macular Edema in Irvine-Gass Syndrome: A Case Report


		2020 Vol. 22 (9): 714-716 [Abstract] ( 327 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2944KB] ( 2847 )

Review

	717	Recent Advances in Refractive Corneal Cross-Linking
		Lan Li, Zhirong Lin
		Recently, corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) has been shown to have great potential in refractive correction, probably through the local improvement of corneal curvature. In addition, increasing evidences also show the refractive correcting ability of CXL in the treatment of myopia, astigmatism, and hyperopia. CXLs (including CXL-combined surgery) aiming to correct refractive error can be referred to as refractive corneal collagen crosslinking. Here we summarize the advancements of refractive CXL in recent years.
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		2020 Vol. 22 (9): 717-720 [Abstract] ( 270 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 633KB] ( 2646 )

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